Table 1.

Main epidemiological differences between gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT) and rhodesiense human African trypanosomiasis (rHAT)

Disease	Gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT)	Rhodesiense human African trypanosomiasis (rHAT)
Parasite	T. brucei gambiense	T. brucei rhodesiense
Disease burden	Most common, 95–97% of the cases	3–5% of cases
Presentation	Chronic disease (months to years)	Acute disease (few weeks)
Distribution	Western and Central Africa	Eastern and Southern Africa
Main reservoirs	Humans	Livestock and wildlife
Vector	Glossina (palpalis)	Glossina (morsitans)
Transmission	Human-tsetse fly-human	Animal-tsetse fly-animal
		Animal-tsetse fly-human
		Human-tsetse fly-human
Occurrence in travelers	Very rare among travelers, occasionally among immigrants	Occasionally among travelers to safari parks