Table 2.
Summary of studies comparing conduction system pacing and BVP with echocardiographic findings
| Authors | Study type | No. of patients | Compared types | Follow-up | Outcomes | ΔLVEF | LVEF | NYHA class improvement |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lustgarten et al.51 | Crossover, RCT | 29 | BVP, HBP | 6 months | LVEF | 26% (baseline) to 32% (HBP; P = 0.043) and 31% (BVP; P = 0.02) | 2.9 (baseline) to 1.9 (BVP; P < 0.001) and 1.9 (HBP; P < 0.001) | |
| Wu et al.52 | Prospective, non-RCT | 137 | BVP, HBP, LBBAP | 12 months | LVEF | 16.7% (BVP), 23.9% (HBP), and 24.0% (LBBAP) | 2.8 (baseline) to 1.9 (BVP) | |
| Upadhyay et al.53 | Pilot trial of His-SYNC study (prospective, RCT) | 40 | BVP, HBP | 6 months | LVEF | 5.9% (BVP) and 7.2% (HBP) (P = 0.17) | 28% (baseline) to 34.6% (HBP; P < 0.001) and 28% (baseline) to 32% (BVP; P < 0.001) | |
| Li et al.54 | Prospective, observational, multicentre study | 81 | BVP, LBBAP | 6 months | LVEF LVEDd | 7% (BVP) and 17.1% (LBBAP) (P < 0.001) | 27–35% (BVP) and 29–44% (LBBAP) | 3.0 (baseline) to 2.3 (BVP) and 3.1 (baseline) to 1.5 (LBBAP) |
| Vinther et al.55 | RCT | 50 | BVP, HBP | 6 months | LVEF, LVESV | 13% (BVP) and 17% (HBP) (P = 0.053) | 2.4 (baseline) to 1.9 (BVP; P < 0.001) and 1.8 (HBP; P < 0.001) | |
| Kato et al.56 | Non-RCT, single centre | 14 | BVP, HBP | 12 months | LVEF, LVESV | 14.8% (BVP) and 29.6% (HBP) (P < 0.05) | 2.6–1.2 (BVP; P < 0.05) and 2.7–1.2 (HBP; P < 0.001) | |
| Vijayaraman et al.57 | Retrospective, observational study | 477 | BVP, CSP (HBP and LBBAP) | 27 months | LVEF | 7 and 13.6% (P < 0.001) | 39.7% CSP and 33.1% BVP (P < 0.001) | |
| Chen et al.58 | Non-randomized, prospective, multicentre, observational study | 100 | LBBAP, BVP | 12 months | LVEF, LVEDD, LVEDV | 21 and 15% (P < 0.05) | 29–49 and 28–43% (P < 0.001) | |
| Ezzeddine et al.59 | Retrospective cohort study | 238 | BVP, HBP, LBBAP | 6 months | LVEF, LVESV | 7.3% (BVP) and 10.4% (CSP) (P = 0.042) | ||
| Vijayaraman et al.60 | Multicentre, international, observational, retrospective comparative study | 1778 | BVP, LBBAP | 6 months | LVEF, LVEDd | 10% (BVP) vs. 13% (LBBAP) (P < 0.001) | From 26.4 to 37.3% (BVP, P < 0.001); from 26.1 to 41.4% (LBBAP, P < 0.001) | From 2.69 to 2.19 (BVP, P < 0.001); from 2.82 to 2.01 (LBBAP, P < 0.001) |
BVP, biventricular pacing; CSP, conduction system pacing; HBP, high bundle pacing; LBBAP, left bundle branch area pacing; LVEDd, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESV, left ventricular end-systolic volume; NYHA, New York Heart Association; RCT, randomized clinical trial.