Table 4.

A summary of different CMR pulse sequences and their recommended settings. All pulse sequences should use spoiled gradient echo readout. SR: saturation recovery; IR: inversion recovery.

Pulse Sequence Type	Key technical considerations
Cine	Short RF pulse (<1 ms) with low flip angle (10-15°), receiver bandwidth > 500 Hz/pixel; if severe arrhythmia, consider real-time cine
Phase-contrast	Short RF pulse (<1 ms) with low flip angle (10-15°), receiver bandwidth > 500 Hz/pixel; if severe arrhythmia, consider real-time cine
T1 mapping	Wideband SR or IR preparation pulse, short RF pulse (<1 ms) with low flip angle (10-15°), receiver bandwidth > 500 Hz/pixel;
T2 mapping	Wideband T2-preparation pulse, short RF pulse (<1 ms) with low flip angle (10-15°), receiver bandwidth > 500 Hz/pixel;
LGE	Wideband IR preparation pulse, short RF pulse (<1 ms) with low flip angle (10-15°), receiver bandwidth > 500 Hz/pixel;
Perfusion	Wideband SR preparation pulse, short RF pulse (<1 ms) with low flip angle (10-15°), receiver bandwidth > 500 Hz/pixel;