Table 2.

Invariance measurement models

	χ2(df)	RMSEA [CI 90%]	CFI	TLI	SRMR	Δχ2(Δdf)	ΔCFI	ΔRMSEA	ΔSRMR
Gender (females, n = 1348; males, n = 673)
Configural	442.5 (202)*	.034 [.030; .038]	.961	.953	.037
Metric	453.0 (215)*	.033 [.029; .037]	.961	.957	.038	10.5 (13)	.000	−.001	.001
Scalar	515.4 (228)*	.035 [.032; .039]	.953	.951	.040	62.4 (13)*	.008	.002	.002
Qualification (elementary school, n = 585; high school, n = 846; college degree, n = 592)
Configural	578.8 (303)*	.037 [.033; .041]	.956	.948	.040
Metric	608.0 (329)*	.035 [.032; .039]	.955	.951	.044	29.2 (26)*	−.001	−.002	.004
Scalar	664.2 (355)*	.036 [.032; .040]	.951	.950	.045	56.2 (26)*	−.004	.001	.001
Age (18–30 years, n = 490, 31–45 years, n = 908, 46–66 years, n = 620)
Configural	592.4 (303)*	.038 [.034; .042]	.954	.946	.041
Metric	629.7 (329)*	.037 [.033; .041]	.953	.948	.045	37.3 (26)*	−.001	−.001	.004
Scalar	761.2 (355)*	.041 [.038; .045]	.936	.941	.049	131.5 (26)*	−.017	.004	.004
Age—groups 1 and 2 (18–30 years, n = 490, 31–45 years, n = 908)
Configural	413.2 (202)*	.039 [.034; .044]	.954	.945	.041
Metric	423.8 (215)*	.037 [.032; .042]	.955	.949	.042	10.6 (13)	.001	−.002	.001
Scalar	481.5 (228)*	.040 [.035; .044]	.945	.942	.044	57.7 (13)*	−.010	.003	.002
Age–groups 2 and 3 (31–45 years, n = 908, 46–66 years, n = 620)
Configural	418.8 (202)*	.037 [.033; .042]	.955	.946	.040
Metric	439.4 (215)*	.037 [.033; .041]	.951	.945	.044	20.6 (13)	−.004	.000	.004
Scalar	483.1 (228)*	.038 [.034; .042]	.947	.944	.045	143.7 (13)*	−.004	.001	.001
Age—groups 1 and 3 (18–30 years, n = 490, 46–66 years, n = 620)
Configural	352.5 (202)*	.037 [.031; .042]	.955	.946	.043
Metric	379.6 (215)*	.037 [.032; .043]	.951	.945	.048	27.1 (13)*	−.004	.000	.005
Scalar	487.5 (228)*	.045 [.040; .050]	.922	.918	.054	107.9 (13)*	−.029	.008	.006
Partial1,2	420.1 (226)*	.039 [.034; .045]	.942	.938	.050	40.5 (11)*	−.009	.002	.002

^*p < .05, ¹intercepts of items 22 and 34 not fixed, ²Δχ²(Δdf) and ΔCFI were computed considering the metric model