Table 2.

Summary of primary tracer kinetic models.

Model	References	Compartment	Transport rate parameter	Well-mixed assumption	Independent parameters	Derived parameters
Tofts	[Kety et al. (20),Tofts et al. (21)]	EES	Ktrans	well-mixed	Ktrans, Ve	Kep
ETM	[Tofts et al. (22)]	EES, IVPS	Ktrans	well-mixed	Ktrans, Ve, Vp	Kep
Brix	[Hayton et al. (23), Brix et al. (24), Brix et al. (25), Larsson et al. (26)]	EES, IVPS	CBF, PS	well-mixed	CBF, PS, Ve, Vp	MTT, E
TH	[Johnson (27)], Lawrence et al. (28), Lawrence et al. (29), Lee et al. (30)]	EES, IVPS	CBF, PS	well-mixed EES, not well-mixed IVPS	CBF, PS, Ve, Vp	MTT, E
DP	[Bassingthwaighte et al. (31), Larson et al. (32), Koh et al. (33), Koh et al. (34)]	EES, IVPS	CBF, PS	not well-mixed in both compartments	CBF, PS, Ve, Vp	MTT, E