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. 2024 Jun 27;14:14886. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-65758-y

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A) Preoperative CT shows bilateral frontal lobe contusion and hematoma formation. (B) Postoperative CT shows bilateral frontal lobe brain contusions and hematoma cleared completely. (C,D) 3D Slicer reconstruction of virtual reality images of hematoma for preoperative evaluation. E: Surgical incision and bone window. (F,G) Clearing ipsilateral brain contusion and hematoma by neuroendoscopy. (H,I) Neuroendoscopic incision of cerebral falx and removal of contralateral brain contusion and hematoma. (J) 20 days post-surgery, CT scan showed good recovery. (K–L) 3D Slicer accurately calculates preoperative and postoperative hematoma volume.