Table 3. Hemodynamic and echocardiographic measurement changes under different stress modalities.

Items	Treadmill Exercise	Supine Bicycle Exercise	Dobutamine	Vasodilator
EDV: end-diastolic volume, ESV: end-systolic volume; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction. ↓: decrease, ↑: increase, -: abnormality or disappearance. The number of arrows represents the degree of change.
Myocardial Motion Amplitude
Normal Myocardial 　Segment Response	↑↑	↑	↑↑↑Contractile Speed Increase Dose-Dependent	↑
Ischemic Myocardial 　Segment Response	↓	↓	↓↓	↓
			Contractile Speed Decrease Dose-Dependent
Heart Rate and Blood Pressure
Normal Myocardial 　Overall Response	Heart Rate ↑↑	Heart Rate ↑↑	Heart Rate ↑↑↑	Heart Rate ↑↑
	Systolic Pressure ↑↑(Increase Can Be >50%)	Systolic Pressure ↑↑(Increase Can Be >50%)	Systolic Pressure↑	Systolic Pressure↓
Myocardial Blood Flow
Normal Myocardial 　Overall Response	↑	↑	↑↑	↑↑↑(3-5 times)
Left Ventricular Volume and Contractile Function
Normal Myocardial 　Overall Response	EDV↓↓	EDV↓	EDV↓↓	EDV↓/-
	ESV↓	ESV↓	ESV↓↓	ESV↓/-
	Stroke Volume↑	Stroke Volume↑↑ (can be 3 times)	Stroke Volume↓/-	Stroke Volume-
	LVEF↑	LVEF↑↑	LVEF↑↑↑	LVEF↑
			(Myocardial Contractility Increase 4-5 Times)
Normal Myocardial 　Overall Response	EDV↑	EDV↑	EDV -/↑	EDV -/↑
	ESV↑	ESV↑	ESV -/↑	ESV -/↑
	LVEF↓	LVEF↓	LVEF↓	LVEF↓
	(Seen in Left Main or Multivessel Disease)	(Seen in Left Main or Multivessel Disease)	(Seen in Left Main or Multivessel Disease)	(Seen in Left Main or Multivessel Disease)