Table 2. Durations of Early Antibiotic Exposure and Neonatal Outcomes Among Infants With Low Risk of Early-Onset Sepsisa.
| Outcomes | Early antibiotic exposure, No./No. (%) (N = 6510) | Model 1, aOR (95% CI)b | Model 2, aOR (95% CI)c | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None (n = 1324) | 1-4 d (n = 1134) | 5-7 d (n = 4052) | 1-4 d vs none | 5-7 d vs none | 5-7 d vs 1-4 d | 1-4 d vs none | 5-7 d vs none | 5-7 d vs 1-4 d | |
| Moderate to severe BPD or death | 208/1324 (15.7) | 211/1134 (18.6) | 1165/4052 (28.8) | 1.05 (0.83 to 1.33) | 1.83 (1.53 to 2.19) | 1.74 (1.44 to 2.09) | 0.88 (0.68 to 1.13) | 1.23 (1.01 to 1.50) | 1.40 (1.15 to 1.71) |
| Moderate to severe BPD in survivors at 36 wk PMA | 192/1276 (15.1) | 188/1111 (16.9) | 1034/3926 (26.3) | 0.98 (0.77 to 1.25) | 1.72 (1.43 to 2.07) | 1.75 (1.44 to 2.13) | 0.85 (0.65 to 1.10) | 1.19 (0.97 to 1.46) | 1.40 (1.14 to 1.73) |
| Death prior to 36 wk PMA | 13/1324 (1.0) | 23/1134 (2.0) | 126/4052 (3.1) | 2.04 (0.97 to 4.28) | 2.51 (1.33 to 4.74) | 1.23 (0.76 to 2.00) | 1.61 (0.73 to 3.56) | 1.73 (0.88 to 3.43) | 1.08 (0.64 to 1.82) |
| Death before hospital discharge | 19/1324 (1.4) | 25/1134 (2.2) | 147/4052 (3.6) | 1.60 (0.82 to 3.11) | 2.28 (1.31 to 3.94) | 1.43 (0.90 to 2.27) | 1.28 (0.63 to 2.60) | 1.59 (0.89 to 2.86) | 1.24 (0.75 to 2.06) |
| Home oxygen therapy | 32/1324 (2.4) | 44/1079 (4.1) | 209/3775 (5.4) | 1.71 (1.01 to 2.90)d | 2.36 (1.52 to 3.65)d | 1.38 (0.95 to 2.00)d | 1.47 (0.84 to 2.58)d | 1.84 (1.15 to 2.93)d | 1.25 (0.83 to 1.88)d |
| Mechanical ventilation support, median (IQR), d | 4 (2 to 8) | 3 (2 to 7) | 4 (2 to 8) | −0.83 (−2.74 to 1.09)d | −2.14 (−3.64 to −0.64)d | −1.31 (−2.73 to 0.10)d | −0.02 (−2.00 to 1.95)d | −1.53 (−3.12 to 0.07)d | −1.51 (−2.94 to −0.07)d |
| Oxygen supplementation, median (IQR), d | 15 (8 to 29) | 16 (7 to 31) | 22 (10 to 38) | −0.47 (−2.07 to 1.13)d | 3.54 (2.27 to 4.81)d | 4.01 (2.70 to 5.31)d | −1.58 (−3.10 to −0.06)d | 0.11 (−1.14 to 1.35)d | 1.69 (0.44 to 2.93)d |
| Length of hospital stay, median (IQR), d | 37 (29 to 48) | 41 (32 to 53) | 46 (36 to 59) | 1.84 (0.23 to 3.45)d | 4.79 (3.52 to 6.07)d | 2.95 (1.60 to 4.30)d | 1.04 (−0.58 to 2.66)d | 2.73 (1.41 to 4.05)d | 1.69 (0.33 to 3.05)d |
Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; PMA, postmenstrual age.
Logistic regression models were used to analyze the categorical variables, while generalized linear regression models were used to analyze the continuous variables.
Adjusted for gestational age, birthweight, small for gestational age, sex, multiple pregnancy, maternal age, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia or eclampsia, antenatal corticosteroids use, and magnesium sulfate use.
Adjusted for same variables as model 1 plus Apgar score, intubation in delivery room, treatment with surfactant, nitric oxide, patent ductus arteriosus requiring pharmacological treatment, and mechanical ventilation treatment in 7 days after birth.
Results presented as β (95% CI).