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. 2024 Jun 28;24:79. doi: 10.1186/s40644-024-00731-6

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Male, 64 years old, left parietal atypical meningioma with recurrence 20 months after surgery. Irregularly shaped iso-T1WI (A) and iso-T2WIsignals in the left parietal, with peritumoural edema (B), slightly hyperintensity in DWI (C), and reduced signals in ADC (D). T1C showed significant inhomogeneous enhancement (E), and there was no recurrence at 3 months after resection (F) and 20 months tumor recurrence (G). Outlined ROI (H), ADC histogram parameters values were as follows: mean, 91.265; variance, 146.88; skewness, -1.3786; kurtosis, 14.874; ADCp1, 70; ADCp10, 81; ADCp50, 91; ADCp90, 103; ADCp99,130 (I). Pathology (HE×100): atypical meningioma, tumor invades brain tissue, multifocal map-like coagulative necrosis, some areas of tightly arranged cells, increased nucleoplasmic proportion of cells, dark staining, pseudo daisy-shaped cluster structure arranged around blood vessels, KI-67% (10–30%) (J)