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. 2024 Jun 28;19:89. doi: 10.1186/s13000-024-01519-9

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Representative microphotographs of the bone marrow. (a) Hematoxylin and eosin staining. (b–d) Immunohistochemistry for CD3 (b), CD20 (c), and CD138 (d). (e, f) In situ hybridization (ISH) for immunoglobulin κ light chain (Igκ) (e) and Igλ (f). (a) Infiltration of lymphocytic cells with small-to-medium-sized nuclei is observed (a). (b, c) The cells are focally positive for CD3 (b) and diffusely positive for CD20 (c). (d) Scattered CD138-immunoreactive cells are also noted. (e, f) Although Igλ-ISH-positive cells are observed more frequently than Igκ-ISH-positive cells, light chain restriction is indefinite in the autopsy materials. Scale bars: 100 μm