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. 2024 Apr 16;3(3):e117. doi: 10.1002/cai2.117

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© 2024 The Authors. Cancer Innovation published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Tsinghua University Press.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Schematic diagram of mitogen‐activated protein kinase 4 (MAPK4) role in tumor angiogenesis and progression of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (a) MAPK4 facilitates tumor angiogenesis and progression in NSCLC by promoting the growth of endothelial cell (CD34⁺ EC), which is related to altered transduction of Raf/MEK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. (b) Targeted intervention the expression of MAPK4 in CD34⁺ ECs can repress tumor angiogenesis and progression of NSCLC. ERK1/2, extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2; MEK, mitogen‐activated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase; Raf, rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma.