Table 3.

Subgroup analysis of plant protein intake.

Subgroups	Number of studies	RR [95% CI]	I 2	p-value for I2
Total	5	0.77 [0.61–0.97]	77%	0.001
Geographic region
Western countries	2	0.80 [0.72–0.89]	0%	0.51
Asian countries	3	0.67 [0.34–1.29]	88%	<0.001
Sample size
<7,000	2	0.60 [0.14–2.63]	94%	<0.001
≥7,000	3	0.79 [0.72–0.87]	0%	0.63
Age
<55	3	0.61 [0.42–0.89]	77%	0.01
≥55	2	0.98 [0.65–1.47]	81%	0.02
Follow up time
<10 years	3	0.72 [0.42–1.24]	88%	<0.001
≥10 years	2	0.75 [0.65–0.87]	0%	0.73
Assessed by FFQ
Yes	3	0.61 [0.42–0.89]	77%	0.01
No	2	0.98 [0.65–1.47]	81%	0.02
Adjusted for race
Yes	2	0.80 [0.72–0.89]	0%	0.51
No	3	0.67 [0.34–1.29]	88%	<0.001
Adjusted for carbohydrate
Yes	2	0.80 [0.72–0.89]	0%	0.51
No	3	0.67 [0.34–1.29]	88%	<0.001
Adjusted for LDL
Yes	3	0.79 [0.72–0.87]	0%	0.63
No	2	0.60 [0.14–2.63]	94%	<0.001
Adjusted for TG
Yes	2	0.80 [0.72–0.89]	0%	0.51
No	3	0.67 [0.34–1.29]	88%	<0.001
Adjusted for SBP
Yes	3	0.61 [0.42–0.89]	77%	0.01
No	2	0.98 [0.65–1.47]	81%	0.02
Adjusted for FBS
Yes	2	0.47 [0.18–1.19]	86%	0.008
No	3	0.87 [0.71–1.06]	69%	0.04

RR, risk ratio; CI, confidence interval; FFQ, food frequency questionnaire; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; SBP, systolic blood pressure; FBS, fasting blood sugar.