Table 1.
Subject Characteristics
| Control (n = 9; 4F/5M) | HFpEF (n = 10; 5F/5M) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 70 ± 5 | 71 ± 7 |
| Body Mass, kg | 76 ± 13 | 88 ± 12* |
| Height, cm | 173 ± 9 | 168 ± 7 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25 ± 4 | 31 ± 5* |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 131 ± 11 | 121 ± 9* |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 77 ± 7 | 71 ± 8* |
| NYHA Class | II/III (7/3) | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 4 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 2 | |
| Hypertension | 5 | |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 6 | |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 4 | |
| Diabetes | 1 | |
| B-type natriuretic peptide pg/mL | 170 ± 110 | |
| Echocardiography | ||
| Ejection fraction, % | 63 ± 5 | |
| LV IVSd, cm | 0.9 ± 0.2 | |
| LV PWd, cm | 0.9 ± 0.2 | |
| LV ID diastole, cm | 4.8 ± 0.5 | |
| LV ID systole, cm | 3.1 ± 0.5 | |
| LA ESV index, mL/m2 | 40 ± 14 | |
| Peak E Wave, cm/s | 96 ± 30 | |
| Peak A wave, cm/s | 77 ± 32 | |
| E/A ratio | 1.3 ± 0.6 | |
| E' septal wall, cm/s | 8 ± 1 | |
| E' lateral wall, cm/s | 9 ± 2 | |
| E/E' septal ratio | 11 ± 4 | |
| E/E' lateral ratio | 14 ± 8 | |
| Mitral E-wave deceleration, ms | 276 ± 100 | |
| Peak TR velocity, m/s | 3.1 ± 0.7 | |
| RV SBP, mmHg | 48 ± 19 | |
| Medications | ||
| SGLT2i | 2 | |
| ACEi or ARB | 5 | |
| Loop diuretic | 6 | |
| Potassium sparing diuretic | 5 | |
| Anticoagulant | 4 | |
| Statin | 5 | |
| Nitrate | 2 |
Values are means ± SD. ACEi, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; a wave, peak velocity of late transmitral flow; E′, peak velocity of early diastolic mitral annular motion; ESV, end systolic volume; E wave, peak velocity of early diastolic transmitral flow; ID, internal dimension; IVSd, interventricular septum thickness at end-diastole; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; MAP; mean arterial pressure; NYHA, New York health association functional classification; PWd, posterior wall thickness; SGLT2i, sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor; TR, tricuspid regurgitation. Unpaired t test. *P < 0.05 vs. Control.