Table 2.

Central hemodynamic responses during incremental lower-body negative pressure

	BL	LBNP				P Values
	0 mmHg	−10 mmHg	−20 mmHg	−30 mmHg	−40 mmHg	Group	Condition	Interaction
HR, beats/min
Control	62 ± 8	61 ± 7	62 ± 7	65 ± 7#	68 ± 6#	0.99	<0.01	<0.01
HFpEF	63 ± 8	63 ± 8	64 ± 9	64 ± 8	64 ± 7
Stroke volume, mL/beat
Control	95 ± 12	94 ± 14	90 ± 15	88 ± 18	87 ± 21	0.40	0.30	0.11
HFpEF	96 ± 15	96 ± 17	97 ± 15	97 ± 17	97 ± 17
Cardiac output, L/min
Control	5.9 ± 1.0	5.7 ± 0.8	5.6 ± 0.9	5.6 ± 1.1	5.8 ± 1.3	0.42	0.56	0.65
HFpEF	6.1 ± 1.1	6.0 ± 1.1	6.1 ± 1.0	6.2 ± 1.3	6.2 ± 1.2
Systolic BP, mmHg
Control	131 ± 11	131 ± 12	129 ± 12	127 ± 11	127 ± 11#	0.07	0.02	0.11
HFpEF	121 ± 10*	119 ± 9*	121 ± 9	121 ± 10	118 ± 10
Diastolic BP, mmHg
Control	77 ± 7	77 ± 8	77 ± 7	79 ± 8	80 ± 9#	0.03	0.09	<0.01
HFpEF	71 ± 8	70 ± 9	69 ± 7	70 ± 9*	69 ± 9*
PP, mmHg
Control	53 ± 12	54 ± 12	53 ± 12	49 ± 12#	48 ± 13#	0.89	<0.01	<0.01
HFpEF	50 ± 9	50 ± 8	52 ± 9	52 ± 11	49 ± 10
MAP, mmHg
Control	94 ± 7	94 ± 8	93 ± 7	94 ± 7	95 ± 7	0.02	0.73	0.25
HFpEF	87 ± 8*	86 ± 8*	86 ± 6*	86 ± 7*	85 ± 8*
TPR, mmHg/L/min
Control	16.6 ± 3.4	16.8 ± 3.1	17.1 ± 3.0	17.3 ± 3.6	17.1 ± 4	0.11	0.92	0.50
HFpEF	14.7 ± 3.2	14.8 ± 3.3	14.4 ± 2.9	14.6 ± 3.5	14.2 ± 3.3
Impedance (ΔZ), %
Control		2.0 ± 0.9#	3.8 ± 1.4#	6.2 ± 1.3#	9.6 ± 2.3#	0.47	<0.01	0.47
HFpEF		2.2 ± 1.3#	3.7 ± 1.3#	5.3 ± 1.3#	8.7 ± 2.6#

Values are means ± SD. BP, blood pressure; HR, heart rate; MAP, mean arterial pressure; PP, pulse pressure; TPR, total peripheral resistance. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA (group × time). *P < 0.05 vs. Control; #P < 0.05 vs. BL (0 mmHg).