Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses of factors associated with the diagonal earlobe crease (DELC).
| Variable | DELC % | Univariate model | Multivariate model | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | cOR | 95% C.I. | P | aOR∗ | 95% C.I. | P | |
| Age | ||||||||
| ≤55 years | 81.0 | 19.0 | Reference | |||||
| ≥56 years | 41.4 | 58.6 | 6.04 | 4.40–8.28 | <0.001 | 4.87 | 3.29–7.23 | <0.001 |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Women | 68.6 | 31.4 | Reference | |||||
| Men | 56.1 | 43.9 | 1.71 | 1.28–2.29 | <0.001 | 1.66 | 1.15–2.41 | 0.007 |
| Obesity | ||||||||
| No | 68.1 | 31.9 | Reference | |||||
| Yes | 56.8 | 43.2 | 1.62 | 1.21–2.17 | 0.001 | 2.14 | 1.46–3.13 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||||||
| No | 68.3 | 31.7 | Reference | |||||
| Yes | 50.0 | 50.0 | 2.15 | 1.57–2.95 | <0.001 | |||
| Hypertension | ||||||||
| No | 73.2 | 26.8 | Reference | |||||
| Yes | 44.0 | 56.0 | 3.47 | 2.56–4.72 | <0.001 | 1.57 | 1.06–2.33 | 0.025 |
| Smoking | ||||||||
| No | 66.2 | 33.8 | Reference | |||||
| Yes | 53.8 | 46.2 | 1.68 | 1.21–2.33 | 0.002 | |||
| Dyslipidemia | ||||||||
| No | 69.0 | 31.0 | Reference | |||||
| Yes | 54.1 | 45.9 | 1.89 | 1.37–2.60 | <0.001 | |||
| ACS | ||||||||
| No | 67.0 | 33.0 | Reference | |||||
| Yes | 22.1 | 77.9 | 7.18 | 3.96-13.00 | <0.001 | 5.35 | 2.57–11.11 | <0.001 |
DELC: diagonal earlobe crease, unilateral, and bilateral. cOR: crude odds ratio, aOR: adjusted odds ratio. ∗ Adjusted for the covariates of age (≤55 and ≥56 years), sex, obesity, hypertension, and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). P < 0.05 means statistically significant. CI: confidence interval. Important variables in the univariate model were subsequently added to the multivariate model and a forward stepwise logistic regression identified the most parsimonious model. The probability used for the stepwise regression was set at 0.15 for entry of variables and 0.25 for removal.