Skip to main content
. 2024 Jun 28;7:775. doi: 10.1038/s42003-024-06451-8

Fig. 2. A dated phylogenetic structure of historical H58 S. Typhi isolates.

Fig. 2

BEAST-generated dated phylogeny of H58 S. Typhi isolates from UKHSA collection and published literature (n = 345). Tip colours indicate presence of specific mutation(s) in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) as per inset legend. Branch colour and the first column to the right of the tree indicate genotype, the second column indicates country of origin, the third represents presence of MDR, and the final column indicates presence of an incH1 plasmid. Our analysis suggests that the Most Recent Common Ancestor (MCRA) of H58 appeared in 1987, and that two sublineages (I and II) emerged almost simultaneously in India in 1987 and 1988. The first single point mutation in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) was observed in 1990, and the first “triple mutant” was observed in Bangladesh in 1999.