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. 2024 Jun 14;10:e56906. doi: 10.2196/56906

Table 2.

Factors associated with first-time HIV testing among men who have sex with men.

Variables First-time HIV testing (n=982), n (%) ORa (95% CI) P value aORb (95% CI) P value
Age (years;reference:30)

<20 133 (30.9) 3.81 (3.00-4.84) <.001 2.55 (1.91-3.42) <.001

20-29 568 (12.5) 1.22 (1.05-1.42) .01 1.38 (1.16-1.64) <.001
Education (reference: master’s degree or above)

High school and below 299 (16.2) 1.43 (1.11-1.85) <.006 1.39 (1.03-1.88) .03

College 262 (13.7) 1.18 (0.91-1.53) .21 1.15 (0.86-1.54) .33

Bachelor’s degree 335 (10.7) 0.88 (0.69-1.14) .34 0.99 (0.75-1.29) .93
Occupation (reference: o thers)

Student 271 (21.6) 1.83 (1.53-2.18) <.001 1.35 (1.04-1.75) .02

Company employee 265 (9.3) 0.68 (0.57-0.81) <.001 0.91 (0.76-1.11) .36

Freelance 117 (11.4) 0.86 (0.69-1.07) .18 0.85 (0.68-1.08) .19
Monthly income (US $; reference: ≥US $1400)

<$350 282 (21.4) 2.97 (2.36-3.74) <.001 1.55 (1.16-2.08) <.003

$350-$599 256 (15.4) 1.99 (1.58-2.51) <.001 1.54 (1.20-1.99) .001

$700-$1399 328 (10.1) 1.22 (0.98-1.53) .07 1.05 (0.83-1.33) .68
Sex roles (reference: receptive anal sex )

Insertive anal sex 349 (13.2) 1.20 (1.00-1.44) .06 1.28 (1.05-1.56) .01

Both 436 (13.5) 1.23 (1.03-1.47) .02 0.98 (0.80-1.19) .82
Sex of partner (reference: m ale and female)

Male and female 303 (18.2) 1.73 (1.49-2.00) <.001 1.69 (1.40-2.03) <.001
Number of sex partners in the past 3 months (reference: ≥2)

0 224 (17.5) 2.22 (1.82-2.71) <.001 1.44 (1.13-1.83) <.003

1 536 (14.1) 1.71 (1.45-2.02) <.001 1.68 (1.41-2.01) <.001
Ever used rush poppers (reference: never use )

Occasional use 107 (8.2) 0.60 (0.48-0.74) <.001 0.85 (0.68-1.07) .17

Often use 198 (18.5) 1.54 (1.29-1.83) <.001 2.06 (1.70-2.49) <.001
Awareness of partner’s HIV status (reference: yes )

Part 280 (10.4) 0.82 (0.70-0.96) .01 0.90 (0.76-1.06) .22

No 275 (18.6) 1.62 (1.37-1.91) <.001 1.40 (1.17-1.69) <.001
Awareness of HIV PrEPc (reference: no)

No 342 (18.9) 1.88 (1.63-2.17) <.001 1.56 (1.34-1.83) <.001
HIV testing pathway (reference: offline testing )

Offline testing 614 (17.8) 2.25 (1.96-2.58) <.001 2.08 (1.80-2.41) <.001

aOR: odds ratio.

baOR: adjusted odds ratio.

cPrEP: pre-exposure prophylaxis.