Figure 1.

The growth inhibition of Clostridium perfringens by cell-free supernatant from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D747 in liquid culture (1A), collected at 3 times of points by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain D747 (1B) or by culture supernatant from various sources (1C, 1D) in agar well diffusion assay. In 1A, the cell-free supernatants from Ba D747 24-h culture were added into C. perfringens cultures of Del1 and LLY_TpeL17 (TpeL17) strains, and OD590 was measured after the overnight culturing anaerobically. In 1b, the C. perfringens LLY_TpeL17 strain was seeded in the TSC agar plate, and the cell-free supernatant collected from 3-time points of cultures from B. amyloliquefaciens D747 was then loaded on the plate well, and images were taken after 14-h and 26-h culture. In 1C, 3 culture supernatant samples from B. subtilis 168 strain, B. amyloliquefaciens D747, and FS1092 strains were loaded on the wells of C. perfringens LLY_TpeL17-seed TSC agar plate. The inhibition zone diameters were measured and analyzed for both C. perfringens Del1 and LLY_TpeL17 strains (1D). The horizon line represents the base level of the empty well diameter. All the data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation for each treatment. The symbols of ** and *** represent statistical differences at P ≤ 0.01, and P ≤ 0.001, respectively.