Table 2. Characteristics of each study group: Procedures, results, and differences in the physical examination between each study group.
| Author (Year) (NOS) |
Rotator cuff related shoulder pain group | Asymptomatic group | Measures | Tools | Movement/structure/ test | Outcomes/comparison |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Cohen (1960) (9/10) |
G1 (n = 55) M/F = 29/26 50.0 ± 4.2 years |
G2 (n = 53) M/F = 30/23 50.3 ± 3.4 years |
Shoulder ROM | Goniometer | Active Shoulder Flexion (degrees) | More subjects in G1 with reduced active shoulder flexion range than in G2 (p < 0.001) |
| Active Shoulder ER (degrees) | More subjects in G1 with reduced shoulder ER range than in G2 (p < 0.001) | |||||
| Active Shoulder IR (degrees) | More subjects in G1 with reduced shoulder IR range than in G2 (p < 0.001) | |||||
| Shoulder strength | Isokinetic dynamometer | ER (Nm) | More subjects in G1 with reduced shoulder IR strength than in G2 (p < 0.001) | |||
| IR (Nm) | NSD between groups (p = 0.3). | |||||
| ABD (Nm) | More subjects in G1 with reduced shoulder ABD strength than in G2 (p < 0.001) | |||||
|
Ueda et al. (2020) (10/10) |
G1 (n = 32) M/F = 17/15 65.7 ± 6.5 years |
G2 (n = 23) M/F = 15/8 67.0 ± 6.5 years |
Shoulder ROM | Active Shoulder Flexion (degrees) | More subjects in G1 with reduced active shoulder flexion range than in G2 (p < 0.001) | |
| Active Shoulder ER (degrees) | More subjects in G1 with reduced shoulder ER range than in G2 (p = 0.03) | |||||
| Shoulder strength | Isokinetic dynamometer | ER (Nm/Kg) | NSD between groups (p = 0.06). | |||
| IR (Nm/Kg) | More subjects in G1 with reduced shoulder IR strength than in G2 (p < 0.001) | |||||
| ABD (Nm/Kg) | More subjects in G1 with reduced shoulder ABD strength than in G2 (p < 0.001) | |||||
|
Hunter et al. (2020) (9/10) |
G1 (n = 39) M/F = 20/19 57.1 ± 11.1 years |
G2 (n = 39) M/F = 20/19 55.7 ± 10.6 years |
Thoracic kyphosis | X-ray | Modified Cobb’s angle (degrees) | More subjects in G2 with reduced modified Cobb angle than in G1 (p = 0.004) |
|
Land, Gordon & Watt (2017) (10/10) |
G1 (n = 51) M/F = 28/23 51.2 ± 5.71 years |
G2 (n = 51) M/F = 28/23 50.8 ± 4.6 years |
Shoulder ROM | Plastic goniometer | Passive shoulder IR (degrees) | More subjects in G1 with reduced passive shoulder IR range than in G2 (p < 0.001) |
|
Kolber et al. (2017) (9/10) |
G1 (n = 24) M/F = 24/0 28.5 ± 9.1 years |
G2 (n = 31) M/F = 31/0 26.4 ± 3.1 years |
Shoulder ROM | Goniometer | Active Shoulder Flexion | NSD between groups (p = 0.37) |
| Active Shoulder ER | More subjects in G1 with reduced shoulder ER range than in G2 (p < 0.001) | |||||
| Active Shoulder IR | More subjects in G1 with reduced shoulder IR range than in G2 (p = 0.016) | |||||
| Shoulder strength | Handheld dynamometer | ER (Kg) | More subjects in G1 with reduced shoulder ER strength than in G2 (p < 0.001) | |||
| IR (Kg) | NSD between groups (p = 0.38) | |||||
| ABD (Kg) | NSD between groups (p = 0.92) | |||||
|
Theisen et al. (2010) (9/10) |
G1 (n = 39) M/F = 23/16 56.6 ± 38-77 years |
G2 (n = 39) M/F = 23/16 56.1 ± 38-79 years |
Static Thoracic kyphosis | Ultrasound topometrics | Static kyphosis | NSD between groups (p > 0.05) |
|
Erol, Özçakar & Çeliker (2008) (7/10) |
G1 (n = 13) M/F = 3/10 37.8 ± 9.4 years |
G2 (n = 25) M/F = 5/20 37.1 ± 9 years |
Shoulder strength | Isokinetic dynamometer | ER (Nm) | NSD between groups (p = 0.56) |
| IR (Nm) | NSD between groups (p = 0.31) | |||||
|
McClure, Michener & Karduna (2006) (7/10) |
G1 (n = 45) M/F = 24/21 45.2 ± 12.8 years |
G2 (n = 45) M/F = 24/21 43.6 ± 12.4 years |
Shoulder ROM | Goniometer | Active Flexion (degrees) | More subjects in G1 with reduced active shoulder flexion than in G2 (p < 0.001) |
| Active ER (degrees) | More subjects in G1 with reduced active shoulder ER than in G2 (p < 0.001) | |||||
| Active IR (degrees) | More subjects in G1 with reduced active shoulder IR than in G2 (p < 0.001) | |||||
| Shoulder strength | Handheld dynamometer | ER (Kg) | More subjects in G1 with reduced shoulder ER strength than in G2 (p < 0.001) | |||
| IR (Kg) | NSD between groups (p = 0.11) | |||||
| ABD (Kg) | More subjects in G1 with reduced shoulder ABD strength than in G2 (p < 0.001) | |||||
| Thoracic Kyphosis | Gravity inclinometer | Thoracic spine inclination (degrees) | NSD between groups (p = 0.415) |
Notes.
- ROM
- Range of motion
- ER
- External rotation
- IR
- Internal rotation
- ABD
- Abduction
- NSD
- No statistical differences
- Nm/Kg
- Newton metre per kilogram
- Kg
- Kilograms
- Nm
- Newton meter