2. Description of Model of care in included studies.

		Model of care
Study ID	Study design	intervention	control	Co‐interventions
Doctor versus nurse or clinical officer for initiation and maintenance of ART
Assefa 2011	Retrospective cohort	Nurses and clinical officers initiate and maintain ART in health centres	Doctors initiate and maintain ART in health centres
Bedelu 2007	Retrospective cohort	Nurses and clinical officers initiate and maintain ART in health centre	Doctors initiate and maintain ART in hospitals
Fairall 2012 (Cohort 1)	Cluster randomised controlled trial	Nurses initiate and maintain ART (in health centres) in addition to training, as well as educational and managerial support	Doctors initiate and maintain ART in health centres	Model of care includes specific training package, mentoring and supervision and organisational changes to ensure support from clinical managers
Sherr 2010	Retrospective cohort	Clinical officers initiate and maintain ART in hospitals	Doctor initiate and maintain ART in hospitals
Doctor versus nurse or clinical officer for maintenance of ART
Fairall 2012 (Cohort 2)	Cluster randomised controlled trial	Nurses follow up patients previously initiated on ART by doctors, for maintenance care of ART in health centres	Doctors follow up patients who have previously been initiated on ART by doctors for ART maintenance care in health centres	Model of care includes specific training package, mentoring and supervision and organisational changes to ensure support from clinical managers
Humphreys 2010	Prospective cohort study	Nurses follow up patients at the health centre after initiation by doctors at a hospital	Doctors follow up patients who have previously been initiated on ART by doctors for ART maintenance care in hospitals
Matovu 2013	Randomised controlled trial	Nurses follow up patients at the specialised clinic at a hospital, with support from peer counsellors	Doctors follow up patients monthly at the specialised clinic within the hospital	Peer counsellors do home visits for patients who miss appointments in the intervention arm
Sanne 2010	Randomised controlled trial	Nurses follow up patients already initiated on ART by doctors at the health centre	Doctors follow up patients who have previously been initiated on ART by doctors for ART maintenance care in health centres	Intervention includes didactic and clinical training, and there is available clinical supervision as needed.
Doctor versus community health worker for maintenance of ART
Jaffar 2009	Cluster randomised controlled trial	Field officers follow up patients who had previously been initiated by doctors on ART in the community for ART maintenance care	Doctors follow up patients who have previously been initiated on ART by doctors for ART maintenance care in hospitals
Kipp 2010	Prospective cohort study	Community volunteers follow up patients previously initiated on ART by clinical officers in the community for ART maintenance car	Doctors follow up patients who have previously been initiated on ART by doctors for ART maintenance care in hospitals