TABLE 1.

Complications associated with membranous nephropathy.

Complication	Clinical presentation/classification	Treatment	Precaution	References
Infection (most common)	Common sites of infection: respiratory tract, urinary tract, digestive tract and skin	Anti‐infective drug without renal toxicity	Strengthen daily protection, improve immunity	1
Thrombosis and embolism	Deep vein thrombosis, lower limb vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism were the most common	1. Anticoagulation (low‐molecular‐weight heparin, warfarin) 2. Antiplatelet (aspirin, clopidogrel) 3. Thrombolytic (urokinase, streptokinase)	Early preventive anticoagulation	151
Hypertension	Systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mmHg	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers	Prevention of hyponatremia, daily monitoring of blood pressure	151
Lipid metabolism disorder	Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol increased, and HDL cholesterol decreased	Cholesterol‐lowering, triglyceride lowering: Statins (Lovastatin)	Patients with persistent proteinuria and hypercholesterolemia, especially those >50 years of age, are treated with statins.	151
Acute kidney injury	Sudden decrease in glomerular filtration rate or new hematuria	1. Control blood sugar <10 mmol/L 2. The controlled protein intake for AKI patients who do not require dialysis is 0.8–1.0 g/kg d 3. Avoid nephrotoxic drugs	Renal function indicators (serum creatinine and urine volume) were continuously monitored and novel AKI markers, such as NGAL, were selected for auxiliary monitoring	151