Table 3.
Biomarkers associated with bleeding risk in acute leukemia.
| Biomarker | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | |
|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | Model 1* | Model 2# | |
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | ||
| EVTF activity | 2.32 (1.08 - 4.99) | 2.33 (1.08 - 5.04) | 2.30 (0.99 - 5.31) |
| PS + EVs | 1.11 (0.57 - 2.16) | 1.11 (0.57 - 2.17) | 1.20 (0.58 - 2.49) |
| cfDNA | 1.62 (0.80 - 3.28) | 1.64 (0.83 - 3.26) | 1.80 (0.83 - 3.88) |
| H3Cit-DNA complexes | 0.85 (0.45 - 1.61) | 0.88 (0.46 - 1.68) | 0.94 (0.47 - 1.88) |
| PAP | 1.55 (0.76 - 3.18) | 1.46 (0.71 - 3.00) | 1.41 (0.66 - 3.02) |
| tPA | 0.84 (0.44 - 1.59) | 0.78 (0.40 - 1.53) | 0.82 (0.40 - 1.68) |
| PAI-1 | 1.21 (0.62 - 2.36) | 1.18 (0.59 - 2.36) | 1.15 (0.57 - 2.35) |
| D-dimer | 1.29 (0.64 - 2.57) | 1.21 (0.60 - 2.47) | NA |
| Fibrinogen | 0.75 (0.40 - 1.41) | 0.72 (0.38 - 1.38) | NA |
| PT | 2.54 (1.14 - 5.68) | 2.55 (1.15 - 5.62) | NA |
| PTT | 0.87 (0.45 - 1.66) | 0.82 (0.42 - 1.58) | 0.83 (0.41 - 1.65) |
| WBC count | 2.17 (0.99 - 4.71) | 2.30 (1.03 - 5.13) | 2.30 (0.96 - 5.53) |
| Peripheral blood blast cell | 1.91 (0.88 - 4.15) | 1.96 (0.90 - 4.28) | 2.20 (0.89 - 5.40) |
| Platelet count | 0.56 (0.31 - 1.04) | 0.55 (0.30 - 1.02) | NA |
| Creatinine | 1.18 (0.59 - 2.38) | 1.25 (0.53 - 2.96) | 1.48 (0.57 - 3.85) |
| Hemoglobin | 0.65 (0.35 - 1.21) | 0.68 (0.37 - 1.25) | 0.64 (0.35 - 1.18) |
| LDH | 2.89 (1.21 - 6.90) | 2.80 (1.12 - 6.97) | 2.28 (0.92 - 5.63) |
Biomarkers were considered as tertiles and third and second tertile distributions were compared to the first tertile, and adjusted for clinically relevant covariates in multivariable models.
Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity.
Model 2 was adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, ISTH DIC score (<5 vs >/=5), comorbidities (0, 1, >/=2), history of bleeding.
NA: not applicable as these parameters are components of DIC score.
Abbreviations: cfDNA, cell-free DNA; EVTF, extracellular vesicle tissue factor; H3Cit-DNA, citrullinated histone H3-DNA; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; PAP, plasmin-antiplasmin complex; PS+EVs, phosphatidylserine-positive extracellular vesicles; PT, prothrombin time; PTT, partial thromboplastin time; tPA, tissue plasminogen activator; WBC, white blood cell; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval