Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics of the Study Cohorts
| Characteristic | UMass Model Derivation Cohort | UMass Cohort 1 | UMass Cohort 2 | WakeMed Cohort | COVID-19 Cohort | UMass Usual Care Cohort |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of valid stays | 59,573 | 6,098 | 6,116 | 3,191 | 513 | 362 |
| Sex, male | 34,002 (57.1) | 3,456 (56.7) | 3,472 (56.7) | 1,808 (56.7) | 289 (56.3) | 207 (57.2) |
| Age, ya | 64 (52-76) | 63 (51-75) | 63 (51-75) | 63 (50-74) | 66 (54-77) | 63 (49-77) |
| ICU typea | ||||||
| Medical | 25,200 (42.4) | 2,596 (42.6) | 2,619 (42.8) | 941 (30.8) | 316 (74.9) | 153 (42.2) |
| Surgical | 12,008 (20.2) | 1,261 (20.7) | 1,253 (20.5) | 818 (26.8) | 31 (7.3) | 73 (20.2) |
| Neurosciences | 11,288 (19.0) | 1,164 (19.1) | 1,167 (19.1) | 299 (9.8) | 71 (16.8) | 69 (19.1) |
| Cardiovascular | 10,991 (18.5) | 1,077 (17.6) | 1,077 (17.6) | 993 (32.5) | 4 (1.0) | 67 (18.5) |
| ICU LOS, ha | 62 (34-111) | 62 (36-112) | 61 (37-111) | 49 (26-102) | 168 (89-343) | 59 (33-112) |
| Mortalitya | 7,100 (11.9) | 707 (11.6) | 709 (11.6) | 265 (8.3) | 110 (21.4) | 42 (11.6) |
| No. of events (RF and HD) | 8,892 | 909 | 907 | 1,026 | 1,078 | 77 |
| Vasopressor(s)a | 8,582 (14.4) | 841 (13.8) | 881 (14.4) | 905 (28.4) | 207 (40.4) | 51 (14.0) |
| MVa | 6,073 (10.2) | 645 (9.9) | 668 (10.2) | 509 (16.0) | 224 (43.7) | 36 (9.9) |
| Duration of MV, ha | 37 (13-97) | 34 (13-93) | 41 (14-107) | 36 (5-113) | 109 (26-242) | 33 (12-98) |
| MV and vasopressora | 3,318 (5.6) | 329 (5.4) | 349 (5.7) | 339 (10.6) | 168 (32.8) | 20 (5.5) |
| Maximal SOFA scorea | 6 (4-9) | 6 (4-9) | 6 (4-9) | 7 (4-13) | 11 (7-16) | 6 (4-9) |
Values are No. (%), median (interquartile range), or as otherwise indicated. P < .001 for all comparisons except age (P < .01). HD = hemodynamic; LOS = length of stay; MV = mechanical ventilation; RF = respiratory failure; SOFA = Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.
a
The UMass cohort was significantly different than the other groups.