Table 2.

Patient Characteristics Associated With Peripheral Vasopressor Initiation

Variable	Adjusted ORa for Peripheral Initiation (95% CI)	P Value
Age, per y	1.01 (0.99-1.03)	.626
Admission from a postacute care facility (LTAC, SNF, SAR, or AR)	0.69 (0.37-1.31)	.231
Hospitalized in the prior 90 d	0.93 (0.55-1.57)	.773
Kidney disease (moderate or severe)	0.89 (0.54-1.47)	.620
Liver disease (moderate or severe)	0.98 (0.45-2.14)	.964
Congestive heart failure	1.05 (0.63-1.73)	.852
Peripheral vascular disease	1.22 (0.58-2.54)	.575
Malignancyb	0.75 (0.42,-1.34)	.305
BMI, per kg/m2c	0.98 (0.97-1.00)	.015
Initial lactate, per mMd	1.02 (0.95-1.08)	.664
Initial creatinine, per mg/dLe	1.03 (0.94-1.13)	.497
Mechanical ventilation within 6 hf	0.77 (0.43-1.37)	.343
Altered mental statusg	0.74 (0.42-1.31)	.274
Predicted mortality scoreh	1.59 (0.26-9.58)	.612
Hospital effect, median OR (95% CI)	2.19 (1.31-3.07)	Not applicable

N = 554 patients with vasopressors initiated through a peripheral IV or central line. Patients with other routes of initiation were excluded. AR = acute, or inpatient, rehabilitation; HMS = Michigan Hospital Medicine Safety Consortium; LTAC = long-term acute care; SAR = subacute rehabilitation; SNF = skilled nursing facility.

^aMultilevel logistic regression model for peripheral vasopressor initiation, adjusted for factors listed in the first column.

^bMalignancy included solid tumors with and without metastasis, leukemia, and lymphoma.

^cMissing for 33 patients and was imputed using age and sex.

^dMaximum lactate within 6 h of hospital arrival.

^eMaximum creatinine on day 1. If a patient arrived after 6 pm on day 1 and had no day 1 laboratory test results, day 2 laboratory test results were used.

^fMechanical ventilation within 6 h of hospital arrival.

^gDocumented deviation from baseline cognitive status on day 1 or 2.

^hPredicted mortality score was calculated using a model developed and validated within Michigan Hospital Medicine Safety Consortium to predict 90-d mortality among the HMS sepsis cohort. The model includes patient characteristics and markers of illness severity as detailed in the legend for Table 1.