Table 1.
Mito-therapies to prevent ovarian aging.
| Classification | Representative | Mechanism | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Decreasing mitochondrial ROS level |
resveratrol | activate pathways such as Nrf2-ARE | (70) |
| melatonin | enhance antioxidant defense | (71) | |
| SDG | notable scavenging ability against ROS | (72) | |
| MitoQ | antioxidant specifically directed to mitochondria | (73) | |
| α-KG | reduce ROS accumulation | (74) | |
| Improving mitochondrial metabolism | NMN NAM NR |
raise NAD+ levels and promote TCA cycle | (75) |
| Enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis | resveratrol | activate the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α axis | (76) |
| HBP1 | regulate gene expression, protein interactions, and cellular physiological processes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. |
(77) | |
| Promoting efficient mitophagy | UA | activate mitophagy through the PINK1-Parkin Pathway | (78) |
| metformin | upregulate of essential mitophagy-related genes | (79) | |
| Mitochondrial replacement therapy | AMT | extract healthy mitochondria from the patient’s own cells and transplant them into their dysfunctional cells | (80) |
| CT | the injection of cytoplasm, containing healthy mitochondria, from a donor’s cell into a recipient’s cell | (81) | |
| GNT | transfer the genetic material of a patient’s oocyte/zygote with compromised cytoplasm to the cytoplasm of an enucleated oocyte/zygote of a healthy donor | (82) | |
| Traditional Chinese medicine | QZD | enhance ovarian mitochondrial function and regulate ovarian mitochondrial apoptosis | (83) |
| Astragalus Angelica Panax ginseng |
increase antioxidant capacity and reduce apoptosis | (84) |
SDG, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside; MitoQ, Mitochondrially-targeted coenzyme Q; α-KG, alpha-ketoglutarate; NMN, nicotinamide mononucleotide; NAM, nicotinamide; NR, nicotinamide riboside; HBP1, HMG-box transcription factor 1; UA, Urolithin A; AMT, Autologous mitochondrial transplantation; CT, Cytoplasmic transfer; GNT, Germline nuclear transfer; QZD, Qingxin Zishen decoction.