Table 4.
Overview of studies reporting on ovarian tissue cryopreservation in girls with Turner syndrome.
| Study type | Author | N | Procedure | Age (years) | Girls with follicles n/cohort (%) | Karyotype | Prepubertal | No spontaneous thelarche | Spontaneous thelarche | Spontaneous menarche b | AMH (ng/ml) | FSH (IU/l) | Follicles/mm3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prospective cohort study | Borgström et al. (2009) | 57a | Laparoscopic ovarian cortex biopsy. 25–50% of one ovary was biopsied. | 8–19 | 15/57 (26%) | 45,X N = 28 |
3 (11%) | 0/6 (0%) | 1/19 (5%) | 2/3 (67%) | 1/2 (50%) | 0.18–0.39 | 5.5–36.3 | 9–290 |
| 25 (89%) | 6/6 (100%) | 18/19 (95%) | 1/3 (33%) | 1/2 (50%) | 0.08–0.40 | 3.3–123 | – | |||||||
| 45,X/46,XX N = 7 |
6 (86%) | 1/1 (100%) | 1/1 (100%) | 4/5 (80%) | 3/4 (75%) | 0.32–1.40 | 1.6–8.9 | 60–1.200 | ||||||
| 1 (14%) | 0/1 (0%) | 0/1 (0%) | 1/5 (20%) | 1/4 (25%) | NR | NR | – | |||||||
| Other N = 22 |
6 (27%) | 0/1 (0%) | 2/11 (18%) | 4/10 (40%) | 4/7 (57%) | 0.11–1.72 | 1–93.4 | 1–22 | ||||||
| 16 (73%) | 1/1 (100%) | 9/11 (82%) | 6/10 (60%) | 3/7 (43%) | 0.09–0.83 | 7.8–112.4 | – | |||||||
| Nadesapillai et al. (2023b) | 93 | Laparoscopic unilateral ovariectomy | 3–19 | 30/93 (32%) | 45,X N = 28 |
1 (4%) | 0/14 | 1/13 (8%) | 0/1 (0%) | 0 | 0.37 | 5.2 | 3 | |
| 27 (96%) | 14/14 (100%) | 12/13 (92%) | 1/1 (100%) | 0 | <0.10 | 5.0–58.8 | ||||||||
| 45,X/46,XX N = 33 |
22 (67%) | 9/13 (%) | 1/5 (20%) | 12/15 (80%) | 7/8 (%) | 0.8–3.0 | 2.2–7.8 | 0.2–247 | ||||||
| 11 (33%) | 4/13 (%) | 4/5 (80%) | 3/15 (20%) | 1/8 (%) | 0–0.3 | 5.6–60.0 | ||||||||
| Other N = 32 |
7 (22%) | 3/14 (%) | 0/9 (0%) | 4/9 (33%) | 0 | 0.1–1.0 | 2.6–8.1 | 0.4–7 | ||||||
| 25 (78%) | 11/14 (%) | 9/9 (100%) | 5/9 (67%) | 0 | <0.10 | 2.9–40.0 | ||||||||
| Rodriguez-Wallberg et al. (2023) | 10 | Laparoscopic ovarian cortex biopsy | 1–17 | Not analysed | NR | 3/10 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | ||
|
| ||||||||||||||
| Retrospective cohort study | Jensen et al. (2017) | 6 | Laparoscopic unilateral ovariectomy | 6–17 | NR | Non-Mosaic Mosaic |
4 2 |
NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Mamsen et al. (2019) | 15 | Laparoscopic ovarian cortex biopsy | 5–22 | 9/15 (60%) | 45,X N = 2 |
1 (50%) | 1/2 (50%) | NR | NR | – | 0.73 | NR | 106 | |
| 1 (50%) | 1/2 (50%) | - | NR | – | NR | 13 | – | |||||||
| 45,X/46,XX N = 4 |
4 (100%) | 1/1 (100%) | NR | NR | 3/3 (100%) | 0.06–20.2 | <0.1–5.1 | 3–519 | ||||||
| – | – | - | - | – | – | – | – | |||||||
| Other N = 9 |
4 (44%) | 0/3 | NR | NR | 4/5 (80%) | 0.30–1.62 | 0.4–5.5 | 1–20 | ||||||
| 5 (78%) | 3/3 (100%) | NR | NR | 1/5 (20%) | <0.04–3.2 | 4.2–82.9 | – | |||||||
| Zajicek et al. (2023) | 9 | Laparoscopic unilateral or partial ovariectomy | 2–18 | 7/9 (78%) | 45,X | 1 | ||||||||
| NR | ||||||||||||||
| 45,X/46,XX | 5 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | ||||||
| NR | ||||||||||||||
| Other | NR | |||||||||||||
| 1 | ||||||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||||
| Case report | Huang et al. (2008) | 1 | Laparoscopic ovarian wedge resection | 16 | 1/1 | 45,X[20]/46,XX[80] | yes | yes | NR | 9.8 | NR | |||
| Balen et al. (2010) | 1 | Laparoscopic bilateral ovarian punch biopsies | 17 | 1/1 | 45,X[93]/46,XX[7] | yes | yes | NR | NR | NR | ||||
| Joshi et al. (2021) | 1 | Laparoscopic unilateral ovariectomy | 5 | 0/1 | NR | yes | NR | NR | – | |||||
| Cheng et al. (2022) | 1 | Laparoscopic unilateral ovariectomy | 3 | 1/1 |
|
yes | 1.06 | 4.27 | 440 | |||||
| Dunlop et al. (2023) | 1 | Laparoscopic bilateral ovarian cortex biopsies | 15 | 1/1 | 45,X/46,X,ring(X) | yes | yes | 0.04 | 1.9 | 3 | ||||
Percentages are based on the number of girls who have a certain patient characteristic (e.g. prepubertal in combination with 45,X karyotype) and who have follicles or not. Girls without follicles in the ovarian cortex are shown in bold.
a
In 10/57 girls no biopsy was performed, because streak ovaria were seen during laparoscopy.
b
Girls with spontaneous menarche are also included in group with spontaneous thelarche.
AFC, antral follicle count; AMH, anti-Müllerian hormone; N, number of cases; NR, not reported.