Table 1.
Patient characteristics during the initial admission and readmission
| Variable | Total | Readmitted | Not readmitted | P value* |
| N | 1502 | 292 | 1210 | |
| Age (years) | 64.2 (14.5) | 66.0 (14.2) | 63.8 (14.5) | 0.018 |
| Sex (% male) | 51.5 | 46.9 | 52.6 | 0.083 |
| Race | 0.221 | |||
| White | 51.8% | 56.9% | 50.6% | |
| Black | 19.0% | 15.8% | 19.8% | |
| Asian | 3.0% | 2.7% | 3.1% | |
| Other† | 23.6% | 21.2% | 24.1% | |
| Missing | 2.6% | 3.4% | 2.4% | |
| Hispanic | 29.8% | 22.0% | 31.7% | 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.5 (7.9) | 31.0 (7.6) | 31.7 (7.9) | 0.181 |
| ICU stay | 31.4% | 36.3% | 30.2% | 0.045 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 15.4% | 26.7% | 12.5% | <0.001 |
| Diagnosed diabetes | 91.9% | 88.0% | 92.8% | 0.007 |
| Any diabetes medication | 50.2% | 54.5% | 49.2% | 0.105 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.12 (2.24) | 7.70 (1.96) | 8.22 (2.30) | <0.001 |
| DKA at admission | 2.0% | 2.2% | 1.9% | 0.812 |
| DKA during hospitalization | 14.1% | 19.1% | 12.8% | 0.019 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 212.0 (129.1) | 191.2 (106.1) | 217.2 (133.7) | 0.002 |
| Glycemic gap (mg/dL) | 25.3 (107.3) | 16.5 (89.7) | 27.5 (111.2) | 0.123 |
| Any comorbidity | 76.4% | 80.5% | 75.5% | 0.069 |
| Use of statin | 38.5% | 44.8% | 37.0% | 0.018 |
| Length of stay – median (IQR) | 7 (4,12) | 8 (4,13) | 6 (4,11) | 0.005 |
| eGFR (mL/1.73m2/min) | 58.3 (29.3) | 52.6 (29.4) | 59.8 (29.1) | 0.001 |
Continuous data presented as mean (SD) unless specified.
*P value of comparison of “Readmitted” vs “Not readmitted” using t-test for all continuous variables except Mann-Whitney U test for length of stay; χ2 for categorical variables. p<0.05 indicated in bold type.
†American Indian, Alaskan Native, Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, multiracial.
BMI, body mass index; DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; ICU, intensive care unit.