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. 2024 Jun 1;14(2):71–75. doi: 10.5588/pha.24.0006

TABLE 3.

Mean medical, non-medical, and indirect costs of the two surveys (US$).

Type of cost Baseline Follow-up Z-score P-value
Average annual household income 715.5 690.1 4.63 0.732
Mean medical cost 117.9 41.8 4.86 < 0.0001
Mean non-medical cost 213.0 50.4 8.38 < 0.0001
Mean indirect cost 41.2 45.7 1.83 0.76
Mean total cost 372.1 137.8 7.10 <0.001

*Exchange rate of US$1 = ETB44.3 for the baseline and US$1 = ETB52.8 for the follow-up survey. ETB = Ethiopian birr.