Table 1. Description of included studies.

Author	Year	Type of study	Type of animal	Technique of varicocele induction	Follow-up
Gur et al [20]	2021	Cohort	Wistar rats	Left renal vein ligation (partial)	2 mo
Sadeghi et al [7]	2020	Cohort	Wistar rats	Left renal vein ligation	2 mo
Taghizadeh et al [18]	2017	Cohort	Wistar rats	Left renal vein ligation (partial)	4 mo
Khosravanian et al [17]	2014	Cohort	Wistar rats	Left renal vein ligation	8 wk
Moshtaghion et al [16]	2013	Cohort	Wistar rats	Left renal vein ligation	42 wk
Razi et al [19]	2011	Cohort	Wistar rats	Left renal vein ligation	8 mo