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. 2024 Jul 1;14:15049. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-65313-9

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© The Author(s) 2024, corrected publication 2025

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The effects of C-48/80, histamine, and Hrh1 and Trpv1 modulators in bladder strips. (A) Experimental timeline for evaluation of C-48/80 and histamine. (B) Representative traces showing the effects of C-48/80 in the bladder strips from the control (left) and VCR (right) groups. (C) Summary of the baseline change with C-48/80. (D) Representative traces showing the effects of histamine in the bladder strips from the control (left) and VCR (right) groups. Myogenic spontaneous activities before (yellow shade) and after the application of histamine (purple shade) for comparison (lower images). (E) Peak contractile force in response to histamine with or without fexofenadine. (F) Effects of histamine on the amplitude of spontaneous activity with or without fexofenadine. Fold difference to the amplitude before application of histamine. (G) Peak contractile force in response to capsaicin with histamine. (H) Experimental timeline for the experiment with capsazepine. (I) Peak contractile force in response to histamine with capsazepine or fexofenadine. (J) Peak contractile force in response to capsaicin with histamine in the presence of fexofenadine. Mean ± SEM, *p < 0.05, ^#p < 0.005 vs. the control group. His histamine, Cap capsaicin, Fex fexofenadine, Cpz capsazepine.

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