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. 2024 May 20;43(13):2759–2788. doi: 10.1038/s44318-024-00120-6

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ applies to the data associated with this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data, but does not extend to the graphical or creative elements of illustrations, charts, or figures. This waiver removes legal barriers to the re-use and mining of research data. According to standard scholarly practice, it is recommended to provide appropriate citation and attribution whenever technically possible.

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(A) Immunohistochemical staining of TRIM23 in normal adjacent tissues and CRC tissues. Scale bars, 25 μm (inset, 12.5 μm). (B) Quantification of the localization of TRIM23 in (A). Superscript C, cytoplasmic location; Superscript N, nuclear location. ****P < 0.0001 (Chi-Squared test). (C) Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of the CRC patients in (A). ****P < 0.0001 (Log-rank test). (D) Immunohistochemical staining of TRIM23 and HAX1 in CRC tissues (Superscript H, high; Superscript L, low). Scale bars, 25 μm. (E) Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of the CRC patients in (D). *P < 0.05, ****P < 0.0001 (Log-rank test). (F–I) The proliferation of control or TRIM23 knockout RKO cells (F), HCT116 cells transduced with lentivirus expressing vector, TRIM23 or TRIM23-NLS (G), control and HAX1 knockout HCT116 cells (H), or HAX1 KO HCT116 cells transduced with lentivirus expressing control, HAX1^WT, or HAX1^K131R (I) were determined by CCK8 assay. At least two biological replicates are plotted as the mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 (Student’s t test). (J–M) Xenograft tumor formation by the indicated CRC cells in mice. Tumor images (left) and tumor volume (right) are shown (n = 6 animals). Error bars indicate SEM. ns: no significance, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 (Student’s t test). (N, O) Control or TRIM23-overexpressing HCT116 cells (N) or HAX1 KO HCT116 cells expressing control or HAX1 (O) were transduced with control or LSM14A sgRNA. The proliferation of indicated cells was determined by CCK8 assay. Three biological replicates are plotted as the mean ± SD. ns: no significance, **P < 0.01, ****P < 0.0001 (two-way ANOVA). Source data are available online for this figure.