Table 2.

Reference laboratories for pathogens of interest.

Pathogens	Laboratories	Type of surveillance	Level of surveillance
Cholera	INSP	Active	Molecular surveillance
HIV (human immunodeficieny virus)	INSP, UCRC	Active	Molecular surveillance
Tuberculosis	INSP, CICM, UCRC	Active	Staining/Culture/Molecular surveillance
Plague	LCV	Passive	Immunological, Molecular surveillance
Rift valley fever	UCRC, CICM, LCV, LBMA	Passive	Immunological, Molecular surveillance
Dengue	UCRC, CICM, LBMA, MRTC, INSP	Passive	Molecular surveillance
Avian influenza (bird flu)	LCV	Passive	Molecular surveillance
Avian-origin influenza (H5N1)	LCV	Passive	Molecular surveillance
Pandemic influenza (H1N1)	UCRC, LCV	Passive	Molecular surveillance
Measles	INSP	Passive	Serological
Meningitis	INSP	Passive	Molecular surveillance
Rabies	LCV, UCRC, LBMA	Passive	Immunological, Molecular
Brucellosis	INSP, LCV, CICM	Passive	Molecular surveillance
Anthrax	INSP, LCV	Passive	Molecular surveillance
Chikungunya	UCRC, LBMA, CICM	Passive	Immunological, Molecular
Shigellosis (Bacillary Dysentery)	INSP	Passive	Molecular surveillance
Typhoid fever	INSP	Passive	Molecular surveillance
Leptospirosis	UCRC	Passive	Molecular surveillance
O'nyong-nyong	LBMA	Passive	Immunological,
Malaria	INSP, MRTC, LBMA	Active	Microscopy, Molecular
Yellow fever	INSP, UCRC	Passive	Immunological, Molecular
Lassa fever	LBMA, UCRC, MRTC, CICM, INSP	Passive	Molecular surveillance
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever	UCRC, CICM, INSP, LBMA	Passive	Molecular surveillance
Ebola virus disease	UCRC, CICM	Passive	Molecular surveillance
Marburg virus disease	UCRC, CICM, INSP	Passive	Molecular surveillance
COVID-19	INSP, UCRC, CICM, LBMA	Active	Molecular surveillance
Zika virus	UCRC, CICM, LBMA, INSP	Passive	Molecular surveillance
West Nile virus disease	UCRC, CICM	Passive	Molecular surveillance