Figure 3.

(A) Functional connectivity between bilateral medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and default mode network (DMN) regions (i.e., left temporoparietal junction, left precuneus, bilateral posterior cingulate cortex, and left middle frontal gyrus) during implicit regulation of negative emotions was positively associated with longitudinal increases in depressive symptoms among more (upper tercile median = 51.76st percentile: b = 0.19, SE = 0.09, t₁₃₂ = 2.14, p = .03) pollution-burdened adolescents (solid line). Bilateral mPFC-DMN connectivity during implicit regulation of negative emotions was not associated with changes in depressive symptoms among less (lower tercile median = 9.86th percentile: b = −0.09, SE = 0.06, t₁₃₂ = −1.43, p = .16) pollution-burdened adolescents (dashed line). (B) Johnson-Neyman plot depicting the interval of values of pollution burden for which the association of mPFC-DMN connectivity with slopes of depressive symptoms is statistically significant. n.s., not significant.