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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jul 2.
Published in final edited form as: Birth Defects Res. 2022 Nov 14;115(1):110–119. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.2126

TABLE 1.

Referral program measures stratified by child’s type of birth defect

N,a percentage (95% CI)
Spina bifida/encephalocele (n = 100) Cleft lip alone (n = 68) Cleft palate (n = 300) Down syndrome (n = 367) Critical congenital heart defects (n = 87) All birth defects (n = 909)

Children NOT meeting CDC developmental milestones 59, 59% (49%–69%) 10, 15% (6%–23%) 117, 39% (33%–45%) 265, 72% (68%–77%) 51, 59% (48%–69%) 488, 54% (50%–57%)
Children NOT meeting CDC developmental milestones and NOT already enrolled in ECI 20, 20% (12%–28%) 6, 9% (2%–16%) 55, 18% (14%–23%) 75, 20% (16%–25%) 26, 30% (20%–40%) 179, 20% (17%–22%)
Families reporting one or more barrier(s) to accessing services 40, 40% (30%–50%) 19, 28% (17%–39%) 116, 39% (33%–44%) 157, 43% (37%–48%) 35, 40% (30%–51%) 357, 39% (36%–42%)
Children already enrolled in ECI at the time of social worker contact 49, 49% (39%–59%) 11,16% (10%–25%) 111, 37% (32%–42%) 265, 72% (68%–77%) 32, 37% (37%–47%) 458, 50% (47%–54%)
Families receiving two or more referrals to health and social service programs 67, 67% (58%–76%) 35, 51% (40%–63%) 201, 67% (62%–72%) 277, 75% (71%–80%) 62, 71% (62%–81%) 632, 70% (67%–73%)
Children newly referred to ECI by the social worker 22, 22% (14%–30%) 17, 25% (15–35%) 88, 29% (24%–34%) 48, 13% (10%–17%) 22, 25% (16%–34%) 194, 21% (19%–24%)
Families who requested case management 28, 28% (19%–37%) 10, 15% (10%–23%) 72, 24% (19%–29%) 125, 34% (29%–39%) 26, 30% (20%–40%) 257, 28% (25%–31%)

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; ECI, Early Childhood Intervention.

a

Sum of columns exceeds the total because children may have more than one birth defect.