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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jul 2.
Published in final edited form as: Birth Defects Res. 2022 Nov 14;115(1):110–119. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.2126

TABLE 2.

Programs families were already accessing and referrals made by social workers

Program category Families already accessing program at the time of social worker contact [n (%)] n = 909 Families newly referred to program by social worker [n (%)] n = 909

Family support programs
 Counseling 23 (3%) 44 (5%)
 Immigration/legal assistance 7 (<1%) 38 (4%)
 Parent training and information centers (PTI) 8 (<1%) 95 (10%)
 Texas parent to parent 24 (3%) 635 (70%)
 Share 0 (0%) 11 (1%)
 English as a second language (ESL) classes 4 (<1%) 46 (5%)
 Parenting classes 14 (2%) 38 (4%)
Developmental programs
 Community first choice (CFC) 2 (<1%) 108 (12%)
 Early childhood intervention (ECI) 458 (50%) 194 (21%)
 Personal care service 9 (1%) 153 (17%)
 Skilled nursing care 52 (6%) 15 (2%)
 Head start 15 (2%) 66 (7%)
 Children with special health care needs (CSHCN) program 8 (<1%) 311 (34%)
 Driscoll high-risk clinic 22 (2%) 1 (<1%)
 School programs 19 (2%) 42 (5%)
Financial programs
 Medicaid waiver 37 (4%) 354 (39%)
 Health insurance premium payment (HIPP) 6 (<1%) 77 (8%)
 Supplemental security income (SSI) 235 (26%) 199 (22%)
 Supplemental nutrition assistance program (SNAP) 277 (30%) 74 (8%)
 Temporary assistance for needy families (TANF) 20 (2%) 47 (5%)
 Women, infants, and children (WIC) 382 (42%) 85 (9%)
 Child support 56 (6%) 17 (2%)
Medical/dental programs
 Pediatrician 898 (99%) 4 (<1%)
 Specialty care 752 (83%) 27 (3%)
 Dental 517 (57%) 126 (14%)
 Physical/speech/occupational therapists 584 (64%) 106 (12%)
 Audiologist 224 (25%) 34 (4%)
 Medical transportation 148 (16%) 150 (17%)