Table 1.
Demographic, lifestyle, and clinical characteristics of European, African, and Hispanic ancestry individuals stratified by age group
| Variable | European Ancestry | African Ancestry | Hispanic Ancestry | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age 45–54 | Age 55–64 | Age 65 + | p | Age 45–54 | Age 55–64 | Age 65 + | p | Age 45–54 | Age 55–64 | Age 65 + | p | |
| N | 10,286 | 31,345 | 101,667 | 2,957 | 6,308 | 6,985 | 1,141 | 2,439 | 3,219 | |||
| Age (mean/SD) | 50.75 (2.79) | 61.27 (2.85) | 73.66 (7.07) | p < 1E-250 | 50.91 (2.80) | 60.36 (2.92) | 71.66 (5.91) | p < 1E-250 | 50.53 (2.87) | 60.86 (2.92) | 71.94 (6.18) | p < 1E-250 |
| Male (n/%) | 8322 (80.90) | 28,015 (89.38) | 99,321 (97.69) | p < 1E-250 | 2,185 (73.89) | 5,508 (87.32) | 6,749 (96.62) | p < 1E-250 | 1,000 (83.89) | 2,371 (92.04) | 4,183 (97.76) | 4.19E-95 |
| Smoking history (n/%) | 5,558 (54.03) | 21,758 (69.41) | 73,570 (72.36) | p < 1E-250 | 1,300 (43.96) | 4,286 (67.95) | 5,111 (73.17) | p < 1E-250 | 564 (47.32) | 1680 (65.22) | 3001 (70.13) | 1.01E-73 |
| Heavy alcohol use (n/%) | 2,836 (27.57) | 7,865 (25.09) | 24,864 (23.47) | 6.97E-53 | 747 (25.26) | 1,411 (22.37) | 1,164 (16.66) | 6.16E-32 | 310 (26.01) | 626 (24.30) | 879 (20.54) | 2.12E-14 |
| Education (mean/SD) | 3.95 (1.41) | 3.65 (1.43) | 3.72 (1.58) | p < 1E-250 | 3.74 (1.37) | 3.39 (1.34) | 3.42 (1.46) | 6.67E-79 | 3.83 (1.35) | 3.46 (1.33) | 3.37 (1.44) | 2.03E-168 |
| Depression/anxiety symptoms (mean/SD) | 3.16 (3.47) | 2.57 (3.18) | 1.45 (2.47) | p < 1E-250 | 3.58 (3.80) | 3.02 (3.51) | 2.14 (3.09) | 3.12E-118 | 3.80 (3.73) | 3.24 (3.52) | 2.42 (3.25) | 1.54E-57 |
| Probable TBI (n/%) | 1,397 (13.58) | 3,438 (10.97) | 7,281 (7.16) | 9.84E-175 | 151 (5.11) | 324 (5.14) | 292 (4.18) | 1.28E-7 | 158 (13.26) | 191 (7.41) | 291 (6.80) | 1.53E-18 |
| PTSD symptoms (mean/SD) | 34.59 (16.18) | 32.34 (15.00) | 27.55 (12.51) | p < 1E-250 | 38.15 (18.70) | 35.90 (17.50) | 32.70 (16.35) | 6.02E-71 | 39.27 (18.46) | 37.20 (17.70) | 34.02 (16.96) | 8.01E-37 |
| APOE ε4 carrier (n/%) | 2,648 (26.75) | 7,842 (25.36) | 23,993 (23.94) | 3.32E-21 | 1,169 (39.53) | 2,355 (37.33) | 2,479 (35.49) | 1.65E-50 | 251 (21.06) | 500 (19.41) | 845 (19.75) | 0.32 |
| Cognitive concerns (mean/SD) | 6.40 (7.11) | 5.34 (6.63) | 4.24 (5.87) | p < 1E-250 | 7.51 (8.07) | 7.19 (8.04) | 6.41 (7.49) | 2.64E-17 | 8.01 (8.26) | 6.96 (7.63) | 6.53 (7.65) | 6.81E-15 |
| ADRD (n/%) | 23 (0.22) | 271 (0.86) | 3597 (3.58) | 1.52E-244 | 11 (0.39) | 75 (1.26) | 292 (4.56) | 1.65E-50 | 2 (0.17) | 26 (1.07) | 197 (6.12) | 1.70E-33 |
Analysis of variance, Chi-square tests, and Kruskal–Wallis (non-parametric) tests were used to examine the differences between age groups within each ancestry
TBI traumatic brain injury, PTSD Posttraumatic stress disorder, ADRD Alzheimer’s Disease and related dementias