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. 2024 Jul 1;22:386. doi: 10.1186/s12951-024-02648-5

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 32 — (A) Schematic illustration of ASO-PR10 prodrug conjugate formulation and their micellar SNA assemblage. (B) the activity of tyrosinase and (C) the content of melanin in various groups (treatment with ASO-PR10, DNA-PR10 with a scrambled sequence [Scr-PR10], PR-devoid micelles [in PBS], or free PR [in DMSO]. Note: a-MSH was applied for melanogenesis stimulation. The activity of tyrosinase and the content of melanin were documented as a percent of the difference in α-MSH-treated cells (2 to 20 µM PR, 48 h treatment). PR-devoid micelles: 1 µM ASO. (D) Histological study of isolated mouse ear following treatment with PR/ASO-PR10/carrier groups (paraffin-embedded). Note: Melanin (indicated by black arrows) is stained by Fontana − Masson staining. Scale bar: 50 μm. (E) Relative MC1R levels in ASO-PR10-treated group compared to ears treated with nanocarrier were determined via immunohistostaining. *** p < 0.001 (two-tailed test).

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