Table 2.
The mechanisms of allicin in hypertension
| Research Model | Model establishment | Intervention methods | Drug effects | Main molecular mechanisms | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male spontaneously hypertensive rats | Spontaneously hypertension | 14 mg/kg, intragastric administration for 4 weeks | Anti-hypertensive, anti-cardiac remodeling |
⬇ SBP, DBP, PCNA, α-SMA, LVWT, cardiac fibro collagen, CaMK II, NF-κB p65, NF-κB p50, NLRP3, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β ⬆ SM22α, cardiomyocytes contraction amplitude and Ca2+ transient amplitude |
[23] |
| Male spontaneously hypertensive rats | Spontaneously hypertension | 80 mg/kg/day, powder mixed with ground chow for 6 weeks | Regulating BP, reducing lipid | ⬇ SBP, TG | [50] |
| Male Wistar rats with CKD | Renal ablation (5/6 nephrectomy) | 40 mg/kg/day, oral for 3 and 6 weeks | Anti-hypertensive, antioxidant, nephroprotective |
⬇ SBP, urinary excretion of NAG, albuminuria, nephrin, fibrosis in the renal cortex, oxidized proteins and lipid peroxidation in the cortex and medulla of the kidney, HO-1 ⬆ Glomerular and tubular area, AT1R, AT2R, Nrf2, keap1, CAT, SOD, eNOS |
[51] |
| Male spontaneously hypertensive rats | Spontaneously hypertension | 7 and 14 mg/kg, intragastric administration for 4 weeks | Anti-hypertensive |
⬇ SBP, DBP ⬆ EDHF, NO-sGC-cGMP, PGI2-AC-cAMP, H2S |
[54] |
α-SMA alpha-smooth muscle actin, AT1R angiotensin II type 1 receptor, AT2R angiotensin II type 2 receptor, BP blood pressure, CaMKII Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II, CAT catalase, cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cGMP cyclic guanosine monophosphate, CKD chronic kidney disease, DBP diastolic blood pressure, eNOS endothelial nitric oxide synthase, EDHF endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, HO-1 heme oxygenase-1, H2S hydrogen sulfide, Keap1 Kelch-like ECH-associated protein1, IL-1β Interleukin-1β, IL-6 Interleukin-6, LVWT left ventricular wall thickness, NAG N-acetyl-d-glucosaminidase, NLRP3 NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3, Nrf2 nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2, NO-sGC-cGMP nitric oxide-soluble guanylate cyclase-cyclic guanosine monophosphate, NF-κB nuclear factor-kappa B, PCNA proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PGI2 prostaglandin, SBP systolic blood pressure, SOD superoxide dismutase, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-alpha