. 2024 Jul 2;19:93. doi: 10.1186/s13020-024-00936-8

Table 5.

The mechanisms of allicin in myocardial fibrosis

Research model	Model establishment	Intervention methods	Drug effects	Main molecular mechanisms	Citation
Wistar male rats with diabetic cardiomyopathy	Single injection of 65 g/kg streptozotocin intraperitoneally	40 mg/kg gavage for 4 weeks	Alleviating cardiac dysfunction, decreasing myocardium fibrosis	⬇ LVEDD, LVESD, NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65 ⬆ LVEF, FS, E/A	[19]
Wistar rats with MI	Ligating LAD	1.2, 1.8, and 3.6 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection for 3 weeks	Alleviating myocardial fibrosis	⬇ Collagen I, collagen III, TGF-β, Smad3 ⬆ Smad7	[67]
Male Wistar rats with Diabetes mellitus	Single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, 40 mg/kg after overnight fast	4, 8, and 16 mg/kg were given by intraperitoneal injection	Reducing myocardial damage, improving cardiac function	⬇ Blood glucose, Fas, TGF-β1, CTGF, Ca²⁺, LVEDP, − dp/dtmax ⬆ Bcl-2, LVSP, + dp/dtmax	[68]

Research model

Model establishment

Intervention methods

Drug effects

Main molecular mechanisms

Citation

Wistar male rats with diabetic cardiomyopathy

Single injection of 65 g/kg streptozotocin intraperitoneally

40 mg/kg gavage for 4 weeks

Alleviating cardiac dysfunction, decreasing myocardium fibrosis

⬇ LVEDD, LVESD, NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65

⬆ LVEF, FS, E/A

[19]

Wistar rats with MI

Ligating LAD

1.2, 1.8, and 3.6 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection for 3 weeks

Alleviating myocardial fibrosis

⬇ Collagen I, collagen III, TGF-β, Smad3

⬆ Smad7

[67]

Male Wistar rats with Diabetes mellitus

Single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, 40 mg/kg after overnight fast

4, 8, and 16 mg/kg were given by intraperitoneal injection

Reducing myocardial damage, improving cardiac function

⬇ Blood glucose, Fas, TGF-β1, CTGF, Ca²⁺, LVEDP, − dp/dtmax

⬆ Bcl-2, LVSP, + dp/dtmax

[68]

Bcl-2 b-cell lymphoma-2, CTGF connective tissue growth factor, FAS factor related apoptosis, LVEDD left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, LVEDP left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, LVESD left ventricular end-systolic internal diameter, LVSP left ventricular systolic pressure, LVW/BW left ventricle weight to body weight ratio, LVPWd left ventricular posterior wall diastolic thicknesses, LVSP left ventricular systolic pressure, TGF-β transforming growth factor-β, ± dp/dtmax maximum rate of the left ventricular pressure rise and fall