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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jul 2.
Published in final edited form as: Addict Behav. 2019 Oct 15;101:106142. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106142

Table 2.

Characteristics of drugs used and socio-demographics, stratified by latent class (N = 120,706).

Variable Total C1 (42.5%) C2 (27.3%) C3 (11.0%) C4 (10.5%) C5 (8.0%)
Sex
Male 61.4 68.1 59.8 67.7 44.2 41.6
Female 38.4 31.8 40 32 55.5 58.1
Age group
11–14 years 0.5 0 0.1 0 3.9 1.4
15–24 years 14.4 12.9 9.7 13.7 30.3 18.9
25–34 years 31.1 39.2 26.2 33.5 17.3 17.5
35–44 years 19.2 20.7 17.9 21.5 15.5 15.6
45–54 years 15.5 14.7 16.9 16.8 12.2 17
55–64 years 12.4 9.8 16.4 12 10.2 16.5
65–74 years 4.4 1.9 7.8 2.1 6 7.9
75–84 years 1.3 0.1 2.8 0 2.7 3.3
85 years or older 0.7 0.2 1.5 0 1.2 1.3
Drug type
Heroin 45.8 100 0 29.8 0 0
Non-heroin, opioid 39.7 12.3 100 46.9 2 17.2
Tobacco 20.0 15.9 11.7 51.1 14.1 19.2
Benzodiazepines 9.4 0.2 0 11.2 1 100
Psychoactive/psychotropic 7.3 5.4 5.6 17.9 3.8 7.3
Cocaine 6.4 1.3 0.7 36.9 2.1 0.8
Alcohol 6.2 2.6 3.6 16.9 6.7 13.8
Marijuana 5.8 0.1 0.1 25.1 16.5 4.4
Other stimulants 5.6 0.6 0.3 22.6 18.1 1.5
Other depressants/sedatives 4.8 0.1 1.1 9.6 22.8 10.1
Anti-depressants 4.8 0 0.3 1.7 41.6 3.2
Hallucinogen 0.9 0 0 1.5 6.1 0
Inhalants 0.03 0 0 0.1 0 0
Number of Drug Types
1 62.8 67.3 77.6 10.4 77.2 46.0
2 24.2 25.8 20.3 26.9 17.5 34.0
≥3 13.0 6.9 2.1 62.8 5.4 20.0

Note: Class 1: Mostly heroin overdose; Class 2: Mostly non-heroin opioid overdose/use; Class 3: Opioid, polysubstance; Class 4: Female, younger (< 25), other non-opioid drugs; Class 5: female, older (> 55 years), mostly benzodiazepine