Table 5.
Linear probability predicting employment |
Heckman model predicting ln(hourly pay) |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pay coefficients |
Selection model |
Mean | (s.d.) | ||||||
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | ||||||
Disability type | |||||||||
Vision impairment | −0.053 | (0.002) | −0.079 | (0.004) | −0.179 | (0.005) | 0.021 | (0.142) | |
Hearing impairment | −0.032 | (0.002) | −0.046 | (0.003) | −0.113 | (0.005) | 0.020 | (0.141) | |
Cognitive impairment | −0.289 | (0.001) | −0.193 | (0.003) | −0.870 | (0.003) | 0.049 | (0.217) | |
Mobility impairment | −0.343 | (0.001) | −0.139 | (0.003) | −1.015 | (0.003) | 0.049 | (0.217) | |
Other limit in dressing or bathing | −0.196 | (0.007) | −0.081 | (0.017) | −0.585 | (0.022) | 0.001 | (0.030) | |
Other limit in going outside | −0.359 | (0.003) | −0.185 | (0.008) | −1.053 | (0.009) | 0.005 | (0.068) | |
Gender and marital status | |||||||||
Male sep/div | −0.081 | (0.001) | −0.150 | (0.002) | −0.353 | (0.004) | 0.054 | (0.226) | |
Male widowed | −0.134 | (0.003) | −0.157 | (0.007) | −0.525 | (0.011) | 0.004 | (0.064) | |
Male never married | −0.118 | (0.001) | −0.257 | (0.001) | −0.546 | (0.003) | 0.204 | (0.403) | |
Female married | −0.177 | (0.001) | −0.318 | (0.001) | −0.743 | (0.002) | 0.248 | (0.432) | |
Female sep/div | −0.077 | (0.001) | −0.356 | (0.002) | −0.388 | (0.003) | 0.071 | (0.256) | |
Female widowed | −0.171 | (0.002) | −0.404 | (0.004) | −0.640 | (0.006) | 0.012 | (0.108) | |
Female never married | −0.105 | (0.001) | −0.354 | (0.001) | −0.533 | (0.003) | 0.175 | (0.380) | |
Education | |||||||||
Some HS | −0.038 | (0.001) | 0.087 | (0.003) | −0.223 | (0.005) | 0.069 | (0.254) | |
HS or GED degree | 0.088 | (0.001) | 0.237 | (0.003) | 0.155 | (0.004) | 0.269 | (0.443) | |
Some college, no degree | 0.119 | (0.001) | 0.396 | (0.003) | 0.303 | (0.004) | 0.228 | (0.419) | |
Associate’s degree | 0.176 | (0.001) | 0.471 | (0.003) | 0.453 | (0.005) | 0.087 | (0.282) | |
Bachelor’s degree | 0.201 | (0.001) | 0.781 | (0.003) | 0.535 | (0.005) | 0.201 | (0.401) | |
Master’s degree | 0.227 | (0.001) | 0.976 | (0.003) | 0.655 | (0.005) | 0.080 | (0.272) | |
Prof. degree | 0.240 | (0.002) | 1.266 | (0.004) | 0.681 | (0.008) | 0.017 | (0.130) | |
Ph/D | 0.261 | (0.002) | 1.167 | (0.004) | 0.789 | (0.009) | 0.012 | (0.108) | |
Race/ethnicity | |||||||||
Black non– Hispanic | −0.037 | (0.001) | −0.143 | (0.001) | −0.116 | (0.002) | 0.130 | (0.336) | |
Hispanic | 0.021 | (0.001) | −0.138 | (0.001) | 0.017 | (0.002) | 0.186 | (0.389) | |
Native/Pacific Islander | −0.074 | (0.002) | −0.117 | (0.004) | −0.252 | (0.007) | 0.008 | (0.089) | |
Asian | −0.043 | (0.001) | −0.033 | (0.002) | −0.196 | (0.003) | 0.062 | (0.241) | |
Other race | −0.014 | (0.001) | −0.062 | (0.002) | −0.040 | (0.004) | 0.030 | (0.172) | |
Age | |||||||||
18–34 | 0.142 | (0.001) | 0.156 | (0.363) | |||||
35–44 | 0.147 | (0.001) | 0.227 | (0.419) | |||||
45–54 | 0.154 | (0.001) | 0.207 | (0.405) | |||||
55–64 | 0.035 | (0.001) | 0.201 | (0.401) | |||||
0.208 | (0.406) | ||||||||
58 labor market experience dummies | No | Yes | Yes | ||||||
50 state dummies | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||
4 year dummies | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||
Selection identifiers | |||||||||
Live alone | −0.231 | (0.002) | 0.135 | (0.341) | |||||
Family size | −0.028 | (0.001) | 2.930 | (1.679) | |||||
Kids < 6 years old | −0.171 | (0.002) | 0.171 | (0.377) | |||||
Kids 6–17 years old | 0.019 | (0.002) | 0.315 | (0.464) | |||||
Other family income | 0.000 | (0.000) | 55,588 | (84,663) | |||||
Other family income squared | 0.000 | (0.000) | 1.03E + 10 | −5.E + 10 | |||||
Selection parameters | |||||||||
/athrho | 0.074 | (0.003) | |||||||
/lnsigma | −0.418 | (0.001) | |||||||
rho | 0.074 | ||||||||
sigma | 0.658 | ||||||||
lambda | 0.049 | ||||||||
Dependent variables | |||||||||
Employment | 0.707 | (0.455) | |||||||
Ln(hourly pay) | 3.074 | (0.792) |
Standard errors in parentheses in columns 1–3