Fig. 2.

Estimated probabilities for HDP, GDM, and sPTB by annual BMI change during interpregnancy

The fitted values (solid lines) and 95% confidence intervals (shaded areas) for HDP (A), GDM (B), and sPTB (C) were calculated using a generalized additive model (R, version 4.1.3 [https://cran.r-project.org/]). The orange and blue lines indicate the presence and absence of history of pregnancy-related complications, respectively.

BMI: body mass index

GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus

HDP: hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

sPTB: spontaneous preterm birth