Table 1.

Study characteristics

Total studies	209
Total training modalities	255
da Vinci Surgical System	121 (121/255; 47%)
Dry lab	91
Wet lab	30
Animal models (porcine, chicken)	22
Cadaver training	2
Live procedure	6
dV-trainer Mimic Technologies	36 (14%)
da Vinci Surgical Skills simulator (dVSS)	64 (25%)
Other Robotic Training modalities	34 (13%)

N.B. The mentioned training modalities are based on the names used in the studies. Other Robotic Training modalities include: RobotiX Mentor, Senhance Surgical System, ProMIS and AdLap