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. 2023 Dec 7;17(2):615–625. doi: 10.1007/s40617-023-00889-8

Table 3.

Philosophical Approaches Included in Courses

Question % n Mean % Instruction Time (SD)
Which behavioristic philosophical approaches are explicitly taught in your philosophy-oriented curriculum? Please select all that apply.
  Radical behaviorism 100 37 72.4 (24.1)
  Methodological behaviorism 70.3 26 14.0 (9.8)
  Early non-Skinnerian behaviorism (e.g., Watson, Hull, Tolman, Guthrie) 54.1 20 10.8 (6.5)
  Functional contextualism 32.4 12 12.5 (7.4)
  Theoretical behaviorism 18.9 7 23.3 (18.3)
  Interbehaviorism 16.2 6 10.6 (7.3)
  Teleological behaviorism 10.8 4 8.3 (3.9)
  Other 10.8 4 49.3 (46.7)
Outside of behaviorism, are any philosophical approaches to psychology/behavior science explicitly taught or addressed in your philosophy-oriented curriculum? Please select all that apply.
  Mentalism 84.8 28 -
  Structuralism 60.6 20 -
  Cognitivism 60.6 20 -
  Developmentalism 45.5 15 -
  Psychoanalysis 24.2 8 -
  Humanistic psychology 21.2 7 -
  Other 18.1 6 -
  Positive psychology 6.1 2 -

All percentage for behavioral topics was out of 37, and all percentages for nonbehavioral topics was out of 33