Fig. 2.

Effects of 5α-EAL on A BV-2 cell viability, B NO, C TNF-α, and D PGE₂ production in BV-2 microglial cells induced by LPS. Cells were stimulated with or without 1 mg/mL LPS and treated with increasing concentration of 5α-EAL for 24 h. All values are the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. ^###p < 0.001 significantly different from the control group and **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 vs LPS-treated control group. ns: not significant