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. 2024 Jul 2;14:15183. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-64713-1

Table 5.

Mean (± SD) annual costs (CNY) per patient overall and stratified by MS severity.

Costs, mean (SD) Overall (N = 370) Mild disease (EDSS 0–2.5) (N = 133) Moderate disease (EDSS 3–5.5) (N = 129) Severe disease (EDSS 6 +) (N = 108) p–value
Direct medical cost
 Hospitalization* 2411 (4441) 1353 (3669) 2608 (4623) 3477 (4823)  < 0.001
 Consultation* 330 (228) 314 (290) 307 (189) 378 (174)  < 0.001
 Test 3352 (1727) 2604 (1397) 3446 (1703) 4163 (1743)  < 0.001
 Symptomatic treatment 6129 (9166) 4106 (7805) 6645 (9150) 8003 (10,271)  < 0.001
 Concomitant condition 34,073 (39,072) 12,979 (25,526) 37,052 (38,647) 56,492 (44,038)  < 0.001
 DMT 23,824 (50,809) 23,923 (40,890) 30,557 (53,933) 15,660 (56,907) 0.010
 Total direct medical costs 70,119 (63,608) 45,278 (51,141) 80,615 (62,418) 88,172 (69,548)  < 0.001
Direct non-medical cost
 Adaptations (e.g. aids, home modifications) 3481 (10,738) 4089 (15,224) 3345 (7248) 2896 (6930) 0.004
 Non-medical costs (e.g. transportation) 946 (1401) 1011 (1724) 928 (1452) 1011 (1724) 0.143
 Professional care 9293 (41,624) 1454 (9245) 6353 (27,881) 22,456 (68,395) 0.014
 Total direct non-medical cost 13,720 (42,899) 6554 (18,154) 10,626 (29,215) 26,241 (68,449) 0.001
Indirect cost**
 Annual patient productivity loss 17,436 (28,604) 8089 (18,628) 20,838 (30,141) 24,882 (33,591) 0.033
 Annual non-professional caregiver productivity loss 79,695 (87,277) 25,870 (54,131) 78,744 (71,256) 147,116 (91,597)  < 0.001
 Total indirect costs 97,131 (101,688) 33,959 (59,169) 99,582 (84,439) 171,998 (110,393)  < 0.001
 Total cost 215,748 (183,258) 98,479 (100,841) 226,001 (142,877) 347,915 (209,759)  < 0.001

*Hospitalization and consultation costs were calculated using unit cost in hospitalization and consultation excluded test, medication, and symptomatic treatment. **Indirect costs were adjusted using GDP CNY 2021.