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Closed loop poles and their damping factors for different LFC controllers.
| Parameters | Type of LFC controller | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rat swarm optimization (proposed algorithm) | Firefly algorithm26 | ZN method | ||||
| Closed loop poles | − 1.98 ± 0.04i | − 5.98 ± 8.18i | − 1.01, − 2.91 | − 5.98 ± 18.7i | − 3.77 ± 2.96i | − 4.17 ± 9.82i |
| Damping factor | 0.967 | 0.588 | 1 | 0.305 | 0.787 | 0.391 |
