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. 2024 Jul 2;11:718. doi: 10.1038/s41597-024-03546-z

Table 3.

Baseline results on various machine learning and deep learning models for identification and verification.

Identification
Models EEG Wacom EEG + Wacom
Statistical features Wavelet features Wacom eatures Statistical + Wacom Wavelet + Wacom Statistical+Wavelet Wacom
Gaussian NB 93.4 ± 0 90.24 ± 0 21.90 ± 0 96.31 ± 0 96.51 ± 0 96.57 ± 0
KNN 91.82 ± 0 51.98 ± 0 25.33 ± 0 93.14 ± 0 51.98 ± 0 59.10 ± 0
Linear SVM 91.82 ± 0 89.71 ± 0 10.82 ± 0 96.83 ± 0 91.29 ± 0 93.93 ± 0
Random Forest 91.66 ± 0.0043 91.08 ± 0.0045 55.25 ± 0.0125 97.63 ± 0.006 97.68 ± 0.0019 98.94 ± 0.0033
Gradient Boost 92.88 ± 0.0013 90.82 ± 0.002 38.58 ± 0.0112 96.73 ± 0.0013 94.78 ± 0.0011 94.35 ± 0.0027
XGBoost 93.93 ± 0 92.08 ± 0 51.19 ± 0 98.68 ± 0 97.89 ± 0 97.89 ± 0
Verification
Gaussian NB 67.28 ± 0 63.14 ± 0 92.78 ± 0 92.52 ± 0 92.52 ± 0 91.49 ± 0
KNN 68.04 ± 0 68.04 ± 0 88.91 ± 0 74.48 ± 0 68.04 ± 0 68.29 ± 0
Linear SVM 73.40 ± 0 60.30 ± 0 84.02 ± 0 86.64 ± 0 68.04 ± 0 70.10 ± 0
Random Forest 75.30 ± 0.0078 69.38 ± 0.0034 95.05 ± 0.0022 94.84 ± 0.0036 94.69 ± 0.0029 94.89 ± 0.0056
Gradient Boost 68.50 ± 0.0067 65.30 ± 0.005 93.81 ± 0.0026 93.55 ± 0.0045 93.50 ± 0.0042 93.40 ± 0.0029
XGBoost 68.04 ± 0 63.14 ± 0 91.49 ± 0 92.01 ± 0 91.49 ± 0 92.26 ± 0

The accuracy score in mean and standard deviation for five trials of each experiment are shown. This is a performance analysis on the data of Task-4, i.e., EEG collected while physically drawing the signature on the Wacom tablet.