Table 2. Regulatory effects of medicinal and food homologous traditional Chinese medicine components on intestinal microbiota associated with T1DM (Ginkgo leaf content has been replaced).
| Chinese herbal medicinal ingredient | Related Traditional Chinese Medicine | Regulating gut microbiota | Disease indicators | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Increase | Reduce | |||
| Pachyman pachymic acid | Poria cocos | Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus | Bacteroidetes | Reduce blood sugar and induce insulin like growth factor |
| curcumin | turmeric | Actinobacteria, Collinsella, Streptococcus, Sutterella, Gemella, Thalassospira, Gordonibacter, Actinomyces | Spirochaetae, Tenericutes, Elusimicrobia | The body weight, liver index, blood ALT, LPS, HOMA - IR, intestinal coliform bacteria and the number of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract were significantly reduced. |
| Ginger polysaccharides | ginger | Oscillospira, Adlercreutzia, Akkermansia, Lactobacillus | Prevotella, Oscillospira, Adlercreutzia | Bacteria that produce short chain fatty acids and have anti-inflammatory effects, enhancing intestinal barrier function. |
| Lycium barbarum polysaccharides | Lycium chinensis | Bacteroides, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Mucispirillum, nestiimonas, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-009 | Allobaculum, Dubosiella, Romboutsia | Relieve hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, significantly alter intestinal composition, significantly increase levels of SCFAs, accompanied by an increase in SCFAs production genera |
| Baicalin | Scutellaria baicalensis | Akkermanisa, Coprococcus, Ruminococcus | Odoribacter, Parabacteroides | Increase the production of SCFAs and improve abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism. |
| Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharides | Ophiopogon japonicus | Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium | Escherichia coli,Streptococcus thermophilus | Improve dietary habits and lower blood sugar |
| ginsenoside | ginseng | Phylum Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes | Proteobacteria, Actinomycesbovis | Regulating intestinal immunity and promoting the repair of intestinal mucosa. |
| polysaccharide of mulberry leaves | mulberry leaves | Proteus hauser | Bacteroides vulgatus | Suppress the proliferation of harmful bacteria, restore intestinal function, and lower blood sugar. |
ALT: alanine transaminase; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; HOMA: homeostatic model assessment; IR: infrared; SCFAs: short-chain fatty acids.