Table 3.

Comparison of external variables between three latent profiles, and between positive and negative cases of nomophobia

Factors	The three latent profiles from LPA					NMP classification (cut-off ≥73 for positive cases)
	No-risk NMPa	Low-risk NMP	At-risk NMP	p-values	Effect size	Positive cases	Negative cases	p-values	Effect size
Gender (N = 3,998)
Malea	395	689	279	<0.001	ORlow-risk = 1.42 [1.21, 1.67]	286	1,077	<0.001	OR = 1.74 [1.49, 2.03]
Female	528	1,311	784		ORat-risk = 2.10 [1.74, 2.54]	829	1,794
GAD (N = 1,745)
0–9 scoresa	405	894	255	–	–	382	1,172	<0.001	OR = 2.64 [1.93, 3.60]
10–21 scores	0	0	186			86	100
Mean (SD)	0.71 (0.71)	4.20 (1.51)	10.15 (3.62)	<0.001	η2 = 0.88	6.48 (4.31)	4.31 (3.70)	<0.001	Cohen's d = 0.56
PHQ (N = 1,745)
0–6 scoresa	328	579	195	<0.001	ORlow-risk = 2.33 [1.75, 3.09]	206	896	<0.001	OR = 3.02 [2.43, 3.76]
7–27 scores	77	316	246		ORat-risk = 5.37 [3.93, 7.34]	262	377
Mean (SD)	3.90 (4.17)	5.71 (3.87)	7.61 (4.80)	<0.001	η2 = 0.13	7.63 (4.78)	5.09 (4.03)	<0.001	Cohen's d = 0.60

Note: 0–9 scores = absence of GAD; 10–21 scores = presence of GAD; 0–6 scores = absence of PHQ; 7–27 scores = presence of PHQ; p-values were obtained by independent-sample t-test for two-group continuous variables and one-way ANONA for three-group continuous variables; Effect size: OR (i.e., odds ratio) for categorical variables and η² and Cohen's d for continuous variables. The upper right superscript “a” represents the reference group; The p-value and effect size for GAD with the three latent profiles from LPA could not be calculated due to two cells having a frequency of 0.